Tanulmányok Budapest Múltjából 31. (2003)

RÉGÉSZETI ÉS RESTAURÁLÁSI ELŐZETES JELENTÉSEK - Bencze Zoltán: Régészeti kutatások a Dísz tér 17. sz. alatt : előzetes jelentés 191-203

RÉGÉSZETI KUTATÁSOK A Dísz TÉR 17. sz. ALATT down to the deeper one. The walls of the upper room were made of broken stone at the bottom on which a heterogeneous brick vault was built. The northern vault made of small mediaeval bricks had fallen down but the southern vault made of modern bricks, probably on mediaeval foundations was unbroken. A vaulted door leading to a deeper cellar was found in the northern wall of the upper cellar. Four steps lead to a longish, rectangular deep cellar dug in marl. The barrel vault of the deeper mediaeval cellar was rebuilt in several places in the modern times. A mediaeval floor containing a lot of late mediaeval ceramics was found under the modern floor. The other mediaeval cellar was found under the pavement outside the Army Headquarters to the west. All the steps of the east-west entrance, the base of the brick vaults and the vaulted doorway of the entrance were found as well. The interior of the cellar was completely filled up so the cleaning of the inner tracks was preceded by the taking up of the road. The east-west wall outside the facade on Dísz Square is probably identical with the northern outer wall of the earlier barracks. Several fragments from modern cellars have been found under the basement of the building. The barrel vaults of the cellar found east to the mediaeval cellar were destroyed by the modern walls and public utilities, only the base of the vaults remained. Another east-west cellar with fallen down vaults was discovered under the western wing of the court and stretching under the inner court as well. A modern shaft running under Szent György Street was found in the south-eastern underground room of the northern wing. Most of the archaeological finds turned up from wells and refuse pits. The wells dug 8 or 10 metres deep into the rocks were usually round or square-shaped. The moist, muddy substance preserved the organic materials, trees, skins or vegetal seeds in these wells. The moist, muddy bottom layer of well C produced several large wooden debris, from well A 92 302, from well C 23442 vegetal seeds turned up. Ferenc Gyulai processed all this material. A very interesting fact is that the food debris made of carbonised wheat turned up from wells A and C, which could have been bread, cake or mush. People probably stopped using these wells during the Middle Ages. It is not known why as these wells had 2-2.5 metres of moist, muddy layers even at the time of excavations. Considering the depths of these water wells we can say that on average it was necessary to dig down 150 m (height about Adriatic sea level) deep to make the wells on the site. Three additional wells (cisterns) were found near the two adjacent water wells in the inner court of the present-day building. Probably the border of two plots lay between wells B and C. It is probably that another border ran across the court of the headquarters from the north to the south which would explain the number of wells on such a small area. 203