Budapest Régiségei 37. (2003)

Gerő Győző: A buda-vízivárosi Tojgun pasa dzsámi és a Tojgun pasa mahalle 197-208

A BUDA-VÍZIVÁROSI TOJGUN PASA DZSÁMI ÉS A TOJGUN PASA MAHALLE The greatest result was the discovery of the significant remain of the mihrab. To the east from the Turkish window on the groundf loor after knocking off the plaster from the section of the wall running up to the baroque pillar the walled up niche of the mihrab and the traces of its frame that had been cut off came to light. Clearing out the niche it was possible to find a larger part of the stalactite vaulting that had been preserved in fairly good condition. Considering the monuments of the mosques architecture in Hungary, they are few, and the number of their mihrabs is even less. This mihrab is entirely carved of stone, despite the fact that our mihrabs are usually built of bricks and their stalactite vaulting is stucco put on a brick base. The niche is divided by a thin lip at 176 cms this is where the five stairs of the stalactite vaulting begins, the elements of which are varied at each level. The full height of the mihrab is 5 metres, it is 2.44 metres wide, the niche itself is 2.20metres asnd it is llOcms wide - as it can be reconstructed on the basis of our observations and the details. Unfortunately there is no analogous mihrab among the ones in Hungary thus it has to be found among the Turkish monuments on the Balkan. One of its nearest parallel, considering the time too, is the Aladza Mosque in Foca. The foundation of the minbar carved of stone was discovered slightly to the right from the window next to the mihrab. The results of the archaeological investigation of the Toygun Pasha Mosque can be summed up as follows: It was a quadrangular, one-minaret mosque with a portico. (Fig. 8) The south eastern wall of this building preserved its significant characteristics both on the facade and in the inner side of the present church. The original 2-2-1 window pattern of the cubic-shaped central building could be reconstructed, aswell as the mihrab carved of stone, its delicate stalactite vaulting, which is the nicest example of its kind in Hungary The details found, the analogies and the surviving map from the 18

th century facilitated the reconstruction of the groundplan and the theoretical reconstructuion of the mosque itself. Among the foundational buildings of Toygun pasha the religious centre of the mahalle, the mosque could have been built first, that can be dated back to the period of Toygun being pasha of Buda for the first time, thus the construction of the mosque can be define between 1553-1555. In the case of the other foundational building of Toygun pasha it was only possible to identify it topographically as the details found were not sufficient for outlining their relationships. The bath was being built in August 1555, the time of its completion can only be suggested. In our study we have made an attempt to sketch the building complex of a Turkish mahalle in Buda in the light of historical facts and the results of archaeology. 205