Budapest Régiségei 36. (2002) – In memoriam Rózsa Kalicz-Schreiber (1929-2001)

M. Virág Zsuzsanna: Data on the middle copper age archaeological topography of Budapest environs : sites of the Ludanice Culture = Adatok Budapest középső rézkorának topográfiájához : a Ludanice kultúra lelőhelyei 93-113

ZSUZSANNA M. VIRÁG OPEN-AIR SETTLEMENT SITES BUDAPEST, XI. BUDAFOKI Str. 78. (Házgyár)^

5 (Fig. 1. site 5. and Figs. 6-7) In November 1958, sherds and bones coming from a demolished burial were found during the construction of a crane-stand.

16 In course of a small scale rescue excavation, the basement of the crane-stand and its vicinity were investigated and several settlement units observed. In block D/3 the remains of a N-S oriented surface post construction were observed in the length of 6 m,

17 dated by G. Alföldy with the help of the finds of pit D/2 deepened from the same layer.

18 Scattered Copper Age settlement finds were found in the vicinity of the burial, i.e., pit excavated in the 9

th block as well.

19 D/2 pit. A bee-hive-shaped unit of approx. 120 cm diameter and 40 cm depth. Finds

20

: Bowl (Fig.7. 5) Cup (Fig.7. 2) Hollow-pedestalled bowl (Fig.7. 10)

21 Cup with two handles, decorated with incised bunch of lines running horizontally on the neck and on the side of the vessel, meeting in zig-zag lines accompanied with small stitches. (Fig.7. T)

22 Cinder cover (Fig.7. 7.) Grinding stones, Molluscan shells, 2 pieces of stone blades. In block no. 9. Remains of a slightly bee-hive form pit with 120 cm diameter, 90 cm depth, its side covered with 1-2 cm thick clay were found. At the depth of -60 cm, the thickness of the clay on the wall was 0,5 cm. A lot of animal bones, some pottery fragments and daub with prints of twigs were found over this clay layer, under this, only some animal bones and fragments of daub came to light. The find assemblage is dated to the Copper Age by a barrel-form vessel.

23 Block 1. (environs of the burial)

2

^ Bowl with retracted rim (Fig. 7. 3) Scoop-form vessel (Fig. 7. 8) 15 Rescue excavation by G. Alföldy in 1958. HNM Archives 565.B.X., BTM Archives 429-77. Results of the excavation summarised by the excavator (ALFÖLDY 1959. 245.). Fig. 6. was compiled on the basis of the excavation documentation. 16 For the grave finds, see chapter on burials below 17 The western side of the building was disturbed, the eastern side drawn by 7 posts with an average diameter of 40 cm. In N-S the medial axis, remains of 3 major post holes were observed. Identifying them with the central row of posts holding the 'szelemen", the width of the house can be estimated for 3,5 m. Its full length is uncertain due to modern age pits at the southern end. 18 In course of the revision of the finds, fragments of LBC pottery were also found according to which a Neolithic settlement must have existed here as well. LBC fragments were also found from around the grave, from blocks 3 and C as well as mixed in the material of pit D/2. As the long post-structure house is known to occur in LBC context as well, the dating of the construction to Middle Copper Age can be questioned. 19 Approx. 3 m to the North of the post structure construction, a pugged oven with firing aperture built of stone showing two periods of use was found. No finds came from this oven and the excavator considered it coeval with the surface construction and pit D/2 on the basis of stratigraphical arguments. At the same time the structure of the oven and the medieval shards found over the second layer of the oven render the dating of the unit uncertain. BUDAPEST, III BÉKÁSMEGYER, KIRÁLYOK Rd., North of No. 280.

25 (Fig. 1. site 7. 1., Fig 8.) In 1962, V G. Csánk performed authenticating excavations here. In course of the work Middle Copper Age settlement finds were also found classified by the excavator to the Bodrogkeresztur Culture.

26 Formerly, between 1931-36 F Tompa performed excavations in this area. Among the mixed finds some sporadical pieces of pottery denote also the Middle Copper Age inhabitation of the environs of today's Pünkösdfürdő region. According to our present knowledge, Békásmegyer environs which is extremely rich in prehistoric material in general, was relatively less intensively populated in the Middle Copper Age. Block VI. pit 'K'

. Its diameter was 100 cm, depth 45 cm. Finds: Bowl. Milk-jug.

27 (Fig. 11. 3). Cup with two handles (Fig. 8. 8).

2

* Stray find: bowl fragment

29 (Fig. 8. 9) Pünkösdfürdő environs.

30 Stray finds: Bowls with retracted rim and biconical body (Fig. 8. 1-3).

31 Amphorae (Fig. 8. 4, 7). Vaseform vessel. (Fig. 8. 6) Hollow-pedestalled bowls?

2 (Fig. 8. 5J

33 BUDAPEST, III. PUSZTADOMBI Str. 12. (Fig. 1. site 8. and Fig. 9) On the piece of land lying on the hillside Avar period graves were excavated in 1983. During the excavation of the graves, two Copper Age waste-pits were also opened.

34 Pit 1. Diameter: 130 cm, depth: 90 cm. Finds: Milk jug or amphora (Fig. 9. 1). Pit 2.

35 Immediately beside pit 1., another unit was found, with diameter: 130 cm , depth: 115 cm, contain20 BTM Inv no: 62.28.21- 25 21 ALFÖLDY 1959. Fig. 2. 22 ALFÖLDY 1959. Fig. 3. 23 BTM Inv no: 62.28.12. Apart from this, only atypical prehistoric pottery fragments were found. 24 BTM Inv no: 62.28.3-4. 25 Former Vöröshadsereg rd, Egyetértés Co-operative. CSÁNK 1964. 205. The excavation took place close to the works lead by E Tompa, thus the finds of the former excavations treated as stray finds can also originate from here, i.e., Pünkösdfürdő environs. » CSÁNK 1964. 212. 27 CSÁNK 1964. Fig. 5. 28 BTM Inv. no: 63.2.296-297. 29 Found in the material of the 1966 excavations by V G. Csánk. 30 Most of the finds presented here were found together in the material of old excavations without exact details on origin.. BTM Inv no: 54.8.349, 54.14.3, 54.33.201, 54.13.9, 54.5.28, 54.33.223, 57.30.101. See also footnote 23. 31 Found in course of fieldwork on the western side of the territory lying further from the Danube. CSÁNK 1964. 212, Fig.ll /3. 32 TOMPA 1934-1935.13.

1.15. 33 Stray find from the Petróczy collection. In the inventory notes of the BTM, the site is mentioned as 'settlement pit under the Adria Insurance Co.". 34 Excavation by M. Nagy (NAGY M. RégFüz 1984. 68.) The author is grateful for the permission of publication rights. 94