Budapest Régiségei 34. (2001)

STUDIEN = TANULMÁNYOK - Dyczek, Piotr: An imperial marble head from Novae (Moesia Inferior) 63-69

Equally unclear are the reasons for erecting a statue of Carinus at Novae. It might have been due to the fact that Cams, Carinus' father, had been raised to power by the Danubian forces. Perhaps the reason was Carinus' putting down of the rebellion of Julian in Pannónia in early AD 285. After that the emperor stayed in the Danubian provinces awaiting the army of Diodes marching from Asia Minor. After the death of Numerianus in 284, Diodes had been made the emperor by the army near Nikomedia. The presence of the emperor might have caused his image to be erected in Novae and hence the portrait could be dated to AD 284 or 285. The discovery of this head allows for a numismatic remark to be made as well. The occurrence of coins of Claudius II and Aurelian in the same context with the head of this emperor indicates that the issues of these two emperors were in circulation in Moesia Inferior until the times of Diocletian. The present attribution of the marble portrait head 1. SVETONIUS, Nero 8. 2. DYCZEK 1985. 97. 3. DYCZEK 1997. 61. 4. DYCZEK 1998a. 5. DYCZEK 1998. 6. DYCZEK 1997a. 87-94; idem 1998, 48. 7. DYCZEK 1997. 60; idem, 1997 b, 87-93. 8. DYCZEK 1997. 61. 9. DYCZEK 1997. 60. 10. see MAJEWSKI 1965. 69-71. 11. FITTSCHEN-ZANKER 1985. 142. 12. see FITTSCHEN-ZANKER 1985. 141. 13. BERNOULLI 1894. 167, 169f, no. 3; STUART JONES 1926. 76, no. 5, Taf. 22; L'ORANGE 1929. 184-186. 14. L'ORANGE 1929. 184-186. 15. WEGNER 1979. 154. BERGMANN 1977 = BERGMANN, M.: Studien zur Porträt des 3. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. Bonn, 1977. BERNOULLI 1894 = BERNOULLI, J. J.: Römische Ikonographie III. 3. Stuttgart, 1882-1894. DELBRUECK 1940 = DELBRUECK, R.: Münzbildnisse von Maximus bis Carinus. Berlin, 1940. DYCZEK 1985 = DYCZEK, P.: [et. al] Novae-Sektor Zachodni, 1983. Archeológia 36. (1985), p. 89-105. DYCZEK 1997 = DYCZEK, P.: Novae-Wester Sector, 1992-1995. Archeológia 47. (1996) [1997], p. 51-64. DYCZEK 1997a = DYCZEK, P.: New Late Roman horreum from sector IV at Novae. In: Late Roman and Early Byzantine Cities on the Lower Danube from the 4 th to the 6 th Century A. D. Poznan, 1997. p. 87-94. DYCZEK 1997b = DYCZEK, P.: Marble Sculptures from the Valetudinarium at Novae (Moesia Inferior). In: Akten de IV. Internationalen Kolloquiums ber Probleme des provinzialrömischen Kunstschaffens, Celje 8.-12. Mai 1995. Situla 36. (1997), p. 87-93. from Novae should be treated as provisional. In the absence of parallels, even the attribution of the head from Rome is highly hypothetical. Further field work might bring new data to resolve this issue satisfactorily. At present, all that can be said with considerable certainty is that the head is an imperial portrait from an official statue and that it should be dated to AD 270-285. At the same time, however, the discovery of another unique imperial portrait head on the same site reveals the importance of Novae also in the 3rd century AD, a fact not yet confirmed in full by the results of archaeological findings. Novae now appears to have been an important military center despite the destruction and abandonment of some of the legionary structures of the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. In this context, the architectural changes were merely a reflection of an army organization undergoing transformation in effect of the deep economic and political crisis, a process that was to be validated later by military reforms. 16. DELBRUECK 1940.192, Taf. 20, 31, 31; FELLETTI MAJ 1958. 282, Tav. 201, 202. 17. FELLETTI MAJ 1958. 282, no. 378, Taf. 58,203; HEINZE 1959. 186-188; BERGMANN 1977, 104, 118, Taf. 36, 5, 6. 18. BERGMANN 1977. 104. 19. HEINZE 1959. 186-188; FITTSCHEN 1979. 588, fig. 15; MEISCHNER 1981. 147. 20. FELLETTI MAJ 1958. 282. 21. MEISCHNER 1981. 154, 155. 22. INAN-ALFÖLDI-ROSENBAUM 1979. 255-256, no. 33, Taf. 166. 23. see INAN-ALFÖLDI-ROSENBAUM 1979. 323-324, nos. 320, 321, Taf. 226, 1,3; 229, 1, 230, 1,2, and 227, 2,4, 229, 2, 230, 3,4. DYCZEK 1998 = DYCZEK, P.: Novae-Westem Sector, 1996. Archeológia 48. (1997) [1998], p. 43^t9. DYCZEK 1998a = DYCZEK, P.: A glass atelier from Sector IV in Novae. In: Der römische Limes an der unteren Donau von Diokletian bis Heraklios. Sofia-Berlin, (in print) FELLETTI MAJ 1958 = B. M. Iconografia romána imperiale da Severo Alessandro a M. Aurelio Carino (222-285 d. G). Roma, 1958. FITTSCHEN 1979 = FITTSCHEN, K.: Sarkophage römischer Kaiser oder von Nutzen der Porträtforschung. JDAI

94. (1979), p. 578-593. FITTSCHEN-ZANKER = FITTSCHEN, K. - ZANKER, P: Katalog der römischen Porträts in den Capitolinischen Museen und den anderen kommunalen Sammlungen der Stadt Rom I. Mainz am Rhein, 1985. HEINZE 1959 = HEINZE, H. von: Studien zu den Porträts des 3. Jh. n. Chr. - 5. der Knabe des Acilia-Sarkophags. AM 66. (1959), p. 175-191. NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY 65