Budapest Régiségei 24/1. (1976)

ÓBUDA, RÓMAI KORI TÁBOROK, CANABAE ÉS KÖZÉPKORI VÁROS = ÓBUDA, ROMAN CAMPS, CANABAE AND THE MEDIEVAL TOWN = OBUDA, LAGERÂ I KANABE RIMSKOJ EPOHI I SREDNEVEKOVYJ GOROD - Parragi Györgyi: Jelentés a Fényes Adolf utcában feltárt déli kaputorony ásatásáról 137-144

GYÖRGY PARR AGI REPORT ON THE EXCAVATION OF THE SOUTHERN GATE-TOWER OPENED UP IN FÉNYES ADOLF STREET In 1973, at the time the Obuda residential settlement was being constructed, in the course of the works of canalization a monumental Roman edifice turned up which was masoned of fragments of gravestones and pillars, and built upon a wall with lime-mortar. After the extension of the drain ditch a 260 cm. wide wall of north-south direction turned up, which was opened in a length of 560 cm. The southern end of the wall had been demolished for providing space for a Baroque cellar, its northern ending led into a wall of west-east direction. This wall was opened up in a length of 18 metres. 350 cm. from the north-eastern corner of it another wall of north to south direction branched off and curved semicircularly. The width and building technique of the wall on the western side running in a north to south direction agreed with the ones of the eastern wall.The width of the westeast wall was 350 cm. The foundations of the walls stood in yellow, sandy soil, at a depth of 140 cm. The last stone courses of the foundation walls were levelled by pouring lime-mortar all over them. On this were the large-size broad-stones of the upward walls laid. The masonry was made with the cast technique, large-size broad-stones, carvings of building and bricks were built into the upward walls everywhere. On the outside of the eastern wall, parallell with it there was a road bordered with guard-stones and covered with large stone-slabs. From the ground bed of the road ceramic material, to be dated back to the early part of the 2nd century A.D. turned up. The foundation of the second road begins 16 cm. above the road from the first period. The road from the first period stretches into the foundation of the west-east wall, consequently, when that wall was built the road not been in use any more. In 1974 the modern road could be opened up, and the width of the Roman road could thus be determined: it was 10 metres. Also a part of the eastern horseshoe-shaped tower was found. As it appears from the gradually unfolding ground-plan, the southern gate building of a late Roman fort stood here with horseshoe-shaped towers belonging to it. The clearance of the horseshoe arch is 560 x 350 cm. The gate and the tower were built at the same time, as shown by the identity of the depths of the foundations and the mode of the masonry of the walls. Since in the inside of the gate building no numismatic finds or marked bricks were found, to help in dating we try to date the construction by means of analogies. Along the limes at the Lower Danube the camps were fortified with fan-shaped corner tower and intermediate horse-shoe towers at the time of Constantine I. That was the time when the horseshoe-shaped walling of the porta decumana in the camp of Intercisa was erected. The construction technique of the upward walls of the gate-tower is identical with the one applied in the Szentendre and Nagytétény camps. Also the secondary use of archi-. tectural carvings and vast stone blocks at the works of building is characteristic of this age. 141