Budapest Régiségei 19. (1959)

ANYAGKÖZLÉSEK - Szentléleky Tihamér: Aquincumi mécskészítő műhelyek 167-203

here ; the material is a mixed one but the forms are all bearing the mark of early periods. Fig. 2. No. 4., Fig. 9. No. 8. show the only voluted lamp-model of the Aquincum area. On the lower parts the marks FORTIS, SEXTI and VICT are to be read. The lamps bearing the inscriptions VICTOR! and VICT deserve to be mentioned specially. From the elevated discus of the lamps Fig. 2. No. 3. a semicircular orb is protruding. A similar semicircular orb and a protuberant discus, ornamented with rosettes are to be found on lamp No. 3533 of the Landsemuseum in Klagenfurt. The lamp had been hung by means of the iron ring carried through the perforated disc. Its analogues can be found in the western finding places of the province of Pannónia, in Sopron, inÓszőny and in Szombathely. Owing to its outlines, the specimen shows a relationship to lamp No. 3533 of the Klagenfurt museum. Also the lamp-industry of Greece knew the method of suspending rings but there it is appearing at the time of late Hellenism and is produced until the 1st century B. C. This method is still used at the time of the relief-lamps, then it disappears and turns up again only in the second century, thus following chronologically only at a later time the types with suspending discs of the western provinces. Ill The material of the pottery plant near the present-day gas-works had been fully treated by Bálint Kuzsinszky, in his work mentioned above. The group of lamps found in the Danube can be separated within this material. This workshop has, presumably, directly preceded the other kilns producing, among other articles, also lamps in the area of the gas-works. Three of the lucernes are versions with two or three burners ; on the receding rim of their discus a series of elliptic leaves, staff-articulation and stippled lines alternate in encircling zonal sections. On the lower parts of specimens Fig. 7. No. 7. and Fig. 7. No. 9. the mark VICT is to be read in embossed letters. The lamps bearing the mark VICT were to be found also among the products of the workshop near the Military Supply Depot. The mark VICT appeared there carved in subsequently and not in the simple moulded form without edges. The activity of the maker of lamps bearing the mark VICT can be followed from the age of Traian till the middle of the 2nd century. The inscription of the small altar No. CIL. III. 3450, found in Aquincum, is the following : I (ovi) O(ptiomo) M(aximo) votum vovit Victor Ressati l(ibertus) l(ibens). In connection with the appearance (practically as first among the bottom-marks of this region) of the name VICT clS el bottom-mark of a lamp-maker 200 — just in an industry linked at that time closely with pottery — one can conclude that the libertus of the already known potter Victor Ressatus, erecting the altar-stone, is identic with the master of the lamps. A lamp of a type similar to that of the lamps mentioned before, bearing the VICT mark, has come to light from room No. V. of the Aquincum Fireguard Society. The lamps shown in Fig. 3. No. 6., Fig. 3. No. 7. and Fig. 3. No. 8., belong to the type No. I. D. III. and are closely related to types V. and VIII. The points of these three lamps reflect some after-effect of the volute-like shape. On the lower part of all three lamps the mark F ABI is to be found. This way of production results from lamps of the type V and shows an influence originating from the south-western region of Pannónia. On two other lamps, Fig. 3. No. 3., Fig. 3. No. 5., the characteristic foliform lugs of the subsequent times are applied. The period of activity of the workshop lasts from the late years of the rule of Hadrian till the middle of the 2nd century. IV In the area of the gas-works fifteen kilns for baking tegulae and crockery, furthermore twenty-two smaller ring-shaped furnaces have been excavated. The ring-furnaces served for the baking of finer earthenware, of terracottaarticles and of lamps. The activity of those small furnaces of the pottery-plant that had produced fine earthenwares, lasted from the middle of the 2nd century till at least 178—180. Numerous negative forms have turned up and thus one can follow the development of the undoubtedly local products from the beginning of the second century till the end of the third one. The I. D. XVII.-type lamps — bearing the mark of the firm — are met with in considerable numbers. The marks FAB and VICT, known from preceding workshops, can also be found. The reverse of one of the type VIII, broken negative forms of the small furnaces bears the following inscription : (Fa) BI FECIT FOR (mam). The style of the letters is identical with that of the marks of the bottoms. Also the finely wrought negative mould for the cover-plate of Fig. 5. No. 1., Fig. 8. No. 6. has come to light. The mark VICT becomes less frequent. Several names connected with makers appearing recently are figuring in the material. Thus : the lamps bearing the marks PACATUS, PETILIUS, MAXIMINUS, AQ SECUNDUS, SATURNUS, FLORENTINUS, ERMOCATUS, VICT, PACATUS and FABI further the ones marked with a young tree, were to be found in the material of Mursa also. Types No. VIII. and IX. can be considered as forms of local development.