Budapest Régiségei 15. (1950)

Banner János: Adalékok Budapest újabb-kőkorához 7-25

two handles, in our greatest settlement belonging to the Tisza culture, on the Kökény domb, on the younger dwelling level. Even this sole phenomenon would prove that the Tisza culture appeared in the Hungarian capital too, or at least its influence manifested itself here. But we known, that even if we do not recognize distinctly the characteristics of the Tisza culture in the Pomáz vessel, the finds of this culture are well represented in Békásmegyer. In the Nagytétény grave, however, the Tisza culture appears together with Zseliz and Bükk vessels, which seems to indicate a synchronism, even if we presume that the imported Bükk vessel only got here in the last period of the culture. But it is more obvious that the presumed III. period was the Tisza culture itself, whose characteristic motives already appeared in the II. period of the Bükk culture, and from here, got into the Tisza culture. This wandering still lacks stratigraphical proofs, but it seems that we shall get them in Bodrogzsadány. This would dispel all doubts. The recent results of anthropology also seem to support Tompa's theory that the two cultures succeeded each other. But here we lack more observations. But not only the Kökénydomb stratigraphy seems to prove that our vessel bolonged to the late Tisza culture, but another vessel, too (fig. 2:4.). The shape of this vessel is a double truncated cone, but the edges are rounded and the bottom flat. This shape is unknown in the Tisza culture. Another culture of a southern origin, called by us Bánát culture, only revealed itself recently, yielding a rich material at the Ószentiván place of discovery No. VIII. This helps to indentify those vessels which until now disturbed the cultural picture of the settlements belonging to the Tisza culture. Some phenomena appear in all the SouthHungarian settlements, but they were especially disturbing at the Csóka settlement disclosed by Francis Móra. The place of discovery No. VIII. at Ószentiván and the nearly undisturbed material of Kökénydomb and Kopáncs-Kissfarm, enable us to make a selection among , the rich material of the Csóka settlement and to recognize those elements which figure in the oldest cultures of the Vinca settlement. Prom this settlement we are acquainted with the vessels having the shape of a double truncated cone, in smaller and bigger form, and that enables us to state that, together with the Tisza culture, the Bánát culture also appeared on the territory of Budapest and left its marks in the Nagytétény grave. As we had already been able to state this synchronism in Csóka it did not suprise us that it appeared here together with the Tisza culture. . Therefore the Nagytétény grave, which geographically belongs to the Zseliz culture proves that the inhabitants of the Zseliz, Bükk II., Tisza I. and Bánát cultures were at least in a commercial communication, so they occupied sinrultaneously these territories of the Carpathian Basin, which were in touch with one another. But this statement is only seemingly true. The profound examination of the material which came to light when we rearranged the Archaeological Department of the Hungarian Historical Museum permits us to draw a different conclusion too. We find that all vessels, except the one belonging to the Bükk culture, were unbroken at the time when they have been put into the grave, so that previously they could have been in use. But. the Bükk vessel is not intact. The rim is broken at several places and.it was probably no longer used. But even if it had been used this would not mean for certain contemporaneousness. Here I only want to refer to graves 3 and 12 of the Scythian cemetery of Tápiószele. In both we found vessels corresponding with the taste of the age together with very characteristic vessels of the Pécel culture, which had existed about 2000 years earlier. Of 24