Budapest Régiségei 14. (1945)

ÉRTESÍTŐ - Kutzián Ida: A pesterzsébeti urnatemető 509-523

IDA KUTZIÁN THE URN CEMETERY OF PESTSZENTERZSEBET Prom the territory of Pestszenterzsébet, we know four prehistoric places of discovery. In 1933, in the clay pit of the brickworks near the Small Danube-Branch of Csepel, a grave with a skeleton in contracted posture was discovered, belonging, as the grave furniture indicates, to the culture of the bell-shaped vessels. The traces of a Bronze Age place of discovery were found in Petöfi-street. Near the Kakastó (Cock-Lake) and in Perczel Mór-street, a Bronze-Age cemetery was discovered. During the repeated earthworks at 32. Perczel Mór-street, six urn-graves came to light. The first was found during these works and the Hungarian National Museum was only later informed. The urn graves II

—V were disclosed by the Hungarian Nat. Mus. in 1938, No. VI by the Budapest Archaeological Institute in 1943. From the contents of grave I, only an urn is known to us. At the bottom of the urn (PI. 1. fig. 1. -— PI. 7. fig. 1.) found in grave II (PI. 1.) calcined bones were discovered, over these, a small mug was placed (PI. 1. fig. 4. — PL 10. fig. 1.) in the southern half of the urn. On the rim and neck respectively of the urn, a bowl was placed with its opening turned upwards. (PI. 1. fig. 3. — PI. 9. fig. 8.) Inside the urn there was another bigger vessel. A large covering dish with its opening turned downwards was put over them, (PL 1, fig. 2. — PL 10, fig. 2.) In the urn (PL 2, fig. 1. — PL 7, fig. 1.) of grave III (PL 2.) were the fragments of a smaller bowl (PL 2, fig. 4. — PL 9, fig. 6.) together with a few calcined bones. Over the mouth of the urn came a bigger bowl (PL 2, fig. 3. — PL 9, fig. 5.) and this was covered by a third two-handled bowl (PL 2, fig. 2. — PL 9, fig. 9.), the biggest of all, with its opening directed downwards. Outside the urn, on the southern side, in the height of the bulgy part, a small one-handled mug decorated with a zonal ornament was placed. (PL 2, fig. 5. — PL 10, fig. 7.) At the bottom of the urn (PL 3, fig. 1. — PL 7, fig. 3.) in grave IV (PL 3.) were calcined bones preserved in bigger pieces. It was covered with a bowl turned downwards. (PL 3, fig. 2. — PL 9, fig. 7.) In the middle height of the urn, on the SW. side, a mug with a handle was discovered. (PL 3, fig. 3.— PL 10, fig. 2.) The weight of the earth damaged the urn and the covering bowl and pressed the small mug, which originally stood independently, to the side of the urn. The fragmentary mug PL 10, fig. 3. is not mentioned in the excavation records and so we do not know its original position, but the note we have found on it proves that it belonged once to urn-grave IV. In urn grave V (PL 4.) there were, in contrast to the aforementioned examples, two urns. The smaller urn (PL 4, fig. 2. — PL 8, fig. 2.) touched with its bottom the bulgy part of the bigger one. (PL 4, fig. 1. — PL 8, fig. 1.) In the necks of the urns, bowls turned upwards were placed (PL 4, fig. 5—6. — PL 9, fig. 3.), in the bowl covering the smaller urn (PL 4, fig. 6. — PL 9, fig. 3.) were shells. 521