Budapest Régiségei 14. (1945)
Nagy Lajos: Egy pincelelet az aquincumi polgárvárosban : a pannóniai agyag világítótornyocskák kérdése 155-202
found round towers were also manufactured between these two dates. I,oeschcke (op. cit. 410) thought that the angular towers were of a later date and in his opinion, they changed about 200 A. D. But, as we have already seen when describing the angular towers, the recent researches proved that this opinion was not to be relied on. We know from the territory of Aquincum the remains of several quadrangular towers. They are often mentioned in the literature ; V. Kuzsinszky wrote about them in our periodical ( 62 ) so I have not to repeat this again. Behrens also mentions in a list the well known specimens ( 63 ). Earlier Steinmetz gave a good summary ( 64 ) when describing the remains of the round tower from Burgweinting. L,oeschcke ( 65 ), Bngelmann ( 66 ), Drexel ( 67 ), M. Dáng ( 68 ) treated earlier our towers. The only complete specimen saved by Rómer from Óbuda was described by Hampel ( 69 ). He held it for the imitation of a funerary monument made perhaps by the army to replace a larger funerary monument, (fig. 6). He refers to Drexel's work ( 70 ) which treats a tower-fragment from Dunapentele. He already noticed, that this fragment was the work of the same hand, which made another terra cotta from Dunapentele too, representing a city-gate (fig. 27). Instead of the inscription over the gate we see in a frame with ansatas the master's sign in cursive engraving : (H)ilarus fee it porta (m) fel(iciter). This potter, Hilarus was working in Aquincum in the pottery district of the civil town ( 72 ) which lay between the Óbuda gasworks and the Danube. Kuzsinszky found here an ornamenting stamp with leafy pattern with the potter's name : Iuli Hilari (fig. 28). The model of this terra cotta of Hilarus, which got to Dunapentele, the Roman Intercisa, was one of the Aquincum city-gates near to his factory. This pottery-settlement flourished in the second part of the II nd century. Hilarus was also working in this period, till the great Marcomannic invasion overthrew the settlement. We treated this question in detail, for we wanted to draw a limit as to the time of Hilarus activity and thus get nearer to the age of the quadrangular lighthouses having a kindre style. Thus, Schultze's opinion of their having a lateRoman origin has to be left out of account ( 79 ) South of Aquincum, lanterns were discovered in Pannónia only in Dunapentele. This specimen was the product of an Aquincum workshop and was only imported to Intercisa. The Dacián ones discovered in Torda ( 80 ) are not related to the Aquincum ones. We have already mentioned the almost complete specimen discovered in the Papföld pottery quarter (cf. fig. 5). Together with this, the lower part of another angular tower was also discovered (fig. 32). We know from Aquincum two small quadrangular lanter-towers originating from precisely vsurveyed diggings. For the present, I do not rank them among the material from the pottery workshops. I found one of the fragments in 1930 in Óbuda, Raktár street, when excavating the Early Christian cella trichora. The fragments belong to the third layer of the excavations, (from the last decade of the second century till the fourth century ( 81 ). The fragments are remains of a three-or four storied lighthouse discovered among the rubbish in the channel of the inferior layer (fig. 35). The remains of the other tower were discovered in situ during the excavations by John Szilágyi, when he laid open a mansio (watch-house or custom house) along the Aranyhegyi brook, near to Üröm, over the channel of the apsidal part of the building. This building had been used for a longer time, from the end of the second century on till the end of the IV th century. There were no finds to fix exactly the age (fig. 34). Besides these, some sporadically found specimens whose exact place of discovery is not known to us, also show, that they originate from the Aquincum factories (fig. 31, 33, 36). 200
