Nyelvtudományi Közlemények 83. kötet (1981)

Tanulmányok - Kassai Ilona: Távhasonulás a gyermeknyelvben [On One Type of Assimilation in Child Languaga] 160

166 KASSAI ILONA hogy a szabályos köznyelvi alaktól csak itt térnek el egyáltalán és jelentős mértékben. A köznyelvben esetleges ejtésváltozatként nyelvbotlásban jönnek létre távhasonulásos alakok (vö. ROUSSBLOT 1924. 982—983; BOOMER—LAVER 1968). KASSAI ILONA • Irodalom AVRAM, A., Remarques sur la substitution des sons dans le langage enfantin. In: Proceed-ings of the 4th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (Helsinki 1961). The Hague-Paris 1962. 343-346. BOOMER, D. S. —LAVER, J. D. M., Slips of the Tongue. In: British Journal of Disorders of Communication 3. 1968, 1 —12 es (FROMKIN, V. A. szerk.), Speech Errors as Linguistic Evidence. The Hague 1973, 20 — 31. CRTJTTENDEN, A., Assimilation in Child Language and Elsewhere. Journal of Child Language 5 (1978): 373-378. HEFFNER, PV.-M., General Phonetics. Wisconsin 1952. LENNEBERG, E. H., Biological Foundation of Language. New York 1967. B. LŐRINCZY Ë., A magyar mássalhangzó-kapcsolódások rendszere és törvényszerűségei. Budapest 1979. MALMBERG, B., Opposition et identité. In: Phonétique générale et romane. The Hague — Paris 1971. 54-66. MARTINET, J., Réactions en chaîne dans l'acquisition du système phonologique. In: Phonologie et société. Studia Phonetica 13. Paris 1977. 105—111. MEGGYES K., Egy kétéves gyermek nyelvi rendszere. NytudÉrt. 73. Budapest 1971. A. MOLNÁR I., A hanghelyettesítósek típusai a gyermeknyelvben 18 — 21 hónapos kor között. In: Magyar Fonetikai Füzetek 1 (1978): 44 — 53. ROTJSSELOT, P.-J., Principes de phonétique expérimentale. Paris 1924. VÉRTES O. A., A gyermek nyelve. (Főiskolai jegyzet) Budapest 1955. On One Type of Assimilation in Child Language by ILONA KASSAI So-called remote or distant assimilation which appears to be the basic type of assimilation in children is discussed. It consists in a füll or partial harmony of two or more sounds in the séquence. With analyzing 138 data showing this assimilation I try to throw somé light on regulating tendencies of the phenomenon, differing from sound substitutions mainly in that it is governed bysyntagmatic factors while substitutions are directed paradigmatically. Table I off ers the folio wing remarks: 1. Distant assimilation affects almost exclusively consonants; there are very few examples of ,,vowel harmony" (4 cases out of 138). 2. The majority of items (124) shows fully assimilated consonants, only 14 word forms are partially assimilated either in respect of manner or in that of place of articulation. 3. 40% of examples represents progressive assimilations that do not occur in adult speech. 4. 8 words are produced in the same form by more than one child. Following factors can induce the process of assimilation: relative firmness of the sounds in the répertoire of the child, their articulatory and perceptual properties, their function in the séquence, attention span of the child (perseveration, anticipation), nature of the surrounding sounds etc. The occurence of this type of assimilation may be given a twofold explanation. The mechanistic one might be the interférence of articulatory movements, the lack of automatic speech production, which makes the child „hit" the right place and manner of tariculation. On the other hand the planning of what the child wants to say could serve as a psychological explanation: there is some reason to suppose that child stores in his memory füll wordforms that, in turn, he recalls as units. If more attention is given to the