Társadalomtörténeti múdszerek és forrástípusok. Salgótarján, 1986. szeptember 28-30. - Rendi társadalom, polgári társadalom 1. - Adatok, források és tanulmányok a Nógrád Megyei Levéltárból 15. (Salgótarján, 1987)
Angol nyelvi összefoglalók (English Summaries)
550 The repayment chances of this loan were further diminished by the fact, that instead of the hoped for amount of 20.000 Pengős, that was entered in the Land Registry only some 17.120 Pengős were forthcoming, as a result of fees and charges and workings of the bank. In this way, some 15 % of the total loan did not even enter the economy of the small-holding. This fact is all the more important, since at agricultural loans the debtor owes in most cases the full amount of the mortgage, although as a potential investor he suffers a loss of 15 % right at the moment of taking the loan, which considerably diminishes the chances for repayment of a loan which bears a substantial interest charge on it. It comes as no surprise then, that our man could not make the money needed to cover the interest - and capital repayment requirements of yearly 10 % of the bankloan amid the ever falling grain prices of the period of economic crises. The holding went bankrupt in 1933, the trustee taking control reported, that the holding brought in not even the amount of taxes it should have payed in that year. Nevertheless the auction scheduled for 7th December, 1933 did not take place, for at the request of the debtor his holding was declared to be protected under decree 14000/1933 ME., that came into force on 24th of October 1933. At the same time the execution proceedings against József Schiffert were suspended till 31st, October 1935 (late till 31st October 1937), the interest was limited to 3,5 % p.a. and the capital repayment to 0,5 % p.a. The children of József Schiffert, who passed away in December 1933, could only save their inheritance through selling the four-room-house of their father and then disburdened the holding with the money thus received. ISTVÁN N. KISS : The stratification of the population of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1707 The basis of the study is the 1707 " dicalis conscriptio " of Prince Rákóczi — the first Hungarian general census of income, that makes it possible to analyse the numbers, wealth and stratification of the population of that time. The new census disregarded all earlier exemptions (e.g. that of gentlemen) apart from the exemption of those serving voluntarily in the army. The new system of taxation has created the "dica"-value, a common denominator of income from different sources, and wealth in different forms, to be able to compare and cumulate these. The ..uthor investigates the stratification of, and the distribution of wealth and poverty within peasant society and the types of landholding. He finds that the value of holdings among the groups of poorer peasants have plainly'decreased, those of the well-to-do peasants (yeomanry) have significantly risen in the period under review. The geographic distribution and differentiation by wealth of the gentlemen and of the Burghers of the cities have been explored as well. The absolute majority of gentlemen were " armalistae ", people who received only a letter of coat-of-arms upon being elevated to the rank of gentlemen, but no royal land-grant. As a consequence of this, they usually achieved the living standards of well-to-do peasants at the most. The 97.000 Km Kuruc state had a population of nearly one million. This was divided into:
