Társadalomtörténeti múdszerek és forrástípusok. Salgótarján, 1986. szeptember 28-30. - Rendi társadalom, polgári társadalom 1. - Adatok, források és tanulmányok a Nógrád Megyei Levéltárból 15. (Salgótarján, 1987)

Angol nyelvi összefoglalók (English Summaries)

533 forged in the decades after the Turkish occupation. The movement of Transdanubian gentry is accelerated in these years: new families come, which by-and-by supplant the old ones. There can be found only a couple of old families, whose members occupied offices through the preceding centuries. From those playing a role in the 16th century the Békássy, Bartza, Fülöp, Oroszi, Zámbó families crop up again, from the 17th century the names of Kun, Acsády, Matko, Torma reappear, but by the 19th century they drop out of the office-holding county gentry again — either through a restructuring of power, or through other causes — extinction, moving away etc. Their places are filled by freshly risen "

honoratior

"-families (such as that of the physician- József Havranek) and gentry families on their way up (e.g. Kupritz, Késmárky, Hunkár, Cseresnyés etc.). The fastest rising from all these families is that of the Hunkár. Later on theree members of the family become "

főispán

" (the chief executive officer of the crown in the county)

, and they continue to be respected in the 20th century, too. Only a few families carry on their position into the new, capitalist era (Fiáth, Kolossváry, Barcza, Kenessey, Bódog). The following conclusions may be offered

: The leading power group of the 18th century has proved to be a closed social grouping held together by common interests, kinship and similarity of wealth. Members of this group did not necessarily belong to the richest families; in the first third of the 19th century the highest stratum of the landholding gentry did not usually hold an office, they rather devoted themselves to farming. The part of the gentry possessing only smaller holdings could only get offices at the "

district

" ("

járás

" = administrative subdivision of the county) level. The "

honoratiores

" (intellectuals) usually came up through the professions (doctor, engineer), i.e. occupational specialization into the leading group. They adapted to this group their mentality as well. Office holding depended on personal qualities, education, the wealth of the family (some jobs like that of the taxcollector required the deposition of caution-money and those in higher positions were expected to cover the costs of representation office dignity). There were some families with land in more than one county, consequently holding offices in more counties. Illustrious gentry families sealed their alliances of interests by marriage. A sponsor could extend effective protection, this in turn implied however, that the person thus protected had to serve the interests of some aristocratic group in return for the not quite negligible pecuniary support that he was provided with around election time. The masses of small-holding gentry took little part in political life apart from uproarious scenes at the county elections, which were faithfully portrayed in the contemporary press and literature. This smallholding gentry made up two-thirds of the gentry which in turn represented a 13 % share of the total population of the county. The smallholding genfiemet! were dependent and impressionable enough to become a tool in the fights of the leading groups. IMRE ODOR

: The source value of the 1809. census of gentlemen "

In our historiography the reform-era of the twenties and thirties just as well as the 1810's have been only mechanically, superficially connected to the last years of the 18th century

" -- stated the expert of the age, highlighting this omission concerning a quarter of a century before the public appearance of Széchényi.