A háztartások és a családok társadalmi–foglalkozási tagozódása / A társadalom rétegződése – időszaki közlemények (1999)

BEVEZETŐ

More than two-thirds of households with heterogeneous socio-occupational composition are made up of two groups. From households with only employees and/or members of co-operatives those with both non-manual and manual workers, and households with both employees and own-account workers and/or freelancers. The socio-occupational homogeneity of households differs by region. In eastern regions and in the Northern Great Plain in particular, the occupational homogeneity of active earner household members is considerably above the average, while in western regions mostly falls short of it. The rate of homogeneity is the lowest in the region Western Transdanubia. In all of the regions, the proportion of households with homogeneous composition is the highest among those living in county towns, while is the lowest in rural areas. In the last few years the number of households making a living in part or only from enterprises has increased in Hungary as well. Despite that, years after the economic transition their rate among households with active earner was still relatively low. In 1996 four-fifths of households with active earner are still consisted of employees and/or members of co-operatives. A proportion smaller than that occurred only in Central Hungary and the Southern Great Plain. Among households with homogeneous socio-occupational composition the vast majority of those with manual workers are family-households, their proportion is above four-fifths in every socio-occupational groups, while it is lower than that among households with non-manual workers. The proportion of family-households is the highest among households with non-agricultural worker employees and/or members of co-operatives, while is the lowest when the active earners of the household are non-manual own-account workers. The only considerable stratification groups among households with heterogeneous composition are the households with employees and/or members of co-operatives containing both non-manual and manual workers, and those with employees and/or members of co-operatives and own-account workers, members of partnerships or freelancers. In the majority of families with active earner persons from the same sociooccupational group are living together. Families consisted of manual worker employees or members of co-operatives are the most frequent, but in the first half of the nineties the proportion of families with homogeneous composition consisted of ownaccount workers or freelancers only increased by 4 percentage points alsó with no relation to the manual or non-manual nature of their work. The proportion of families with heterogeneous composition has slightly decreased in totál though by different measures by stratification groups. While for instance the share offamilies of employees or members of co-operatives only has diminished, that offamilies of own-account workers or freelancers and families ofboth employees or members of co-operatives and own-account workers or freelancers has grown. The impaired financial stability of families is shown by the decreased proportion of both couples with two active earner partners and couples with only one. The proportion of active earners has decreased among single parents with children also. The majority of persons getting married or choosing to live as cohabiting partners still look for a partner with the same social status, though this tendency by no means can be taken generally valid these days. In 1996 slightly more than two-thirds of couples with both spouses or cohabiting partners being active earners consist of partners from the same socio-occupational groups.