1996. ÉVI MIKROCENZUS Az egyszülős családok adatai (1997)

AZ EGYSZÜLŐS CSALÁDOK TÁRSADALMI-DEMOGRÁFIAI JELLEMZŐI ÉS LAKÁSVISZONYAI

too. The growth of those aged 30-39 in the eighties, was followed by a significant decrease. A continuous increase can be seen in the share of the next ten-year age group, while the initial decrease turnéd to growth among the older. As a result of this differentiated process, in spring 1996, more than one third of lone fathers were aged 40-49, almost a quarter of them 50-59, while more than 17 percent 60 or over. The age-structure of lone mothers developed in a similar way with the difference, that the share of those in younger age groups is slightly higher, while of those in older is somewhat lower. It is connected with the younger age of marriage of women, which can bring on divorce in a younger age on the one hand, and with the much higher proportion of widows among mothers on the other, as a consequence of the high mortality-rate of middle-aged men. The proportion of never-married mothers (8 percent) is twice as high as that of nevermarried fathers; simultaneously, the share of married fathers is 25 percent, while that of married mothers is 16 percent only. As gompared to 1990, the share of widowed fathers and mothers has changed considerably: unlike the beginning of this period, at present the share of widowed fathers is higher (40 percent against 35 percent in the case of mothers). At the same time, in the case of the divorced there was only somé decrease in the gender difference of proportions. Nowadays 31 percent of lone fathers and 41 percent of lone mothers are divorced. The educational attainment of family heads of single parent families develops in a different way than that of family heads in couple-type families. In lower educational level categories the relatíve share of single fathers and mothers is far higher than that of other heads of family, while in higher qualifications the proportions are rather balanced. The difference between the educational attainment of single fathers and mothers has shown a diminishing trend, though in recent years the pace of this convergence has slowed down a little. The changes in the economic structure have significantly modified the economic activity composition of families. The rate of families with at least one active earner decreased considerably, while that of families with at least one unemployed member grew. Among couples the proportion of those with just one active earner increased, while that of families with more than one active earner decreased.. The number of active earners per 100 families is a proper indicator to show the change in the economic activity composition of families. In 1990, there were 105 active earners per 100 single parent families, while in 1996, there were only 83. A decrease similar to that of all single parent families can be observed among families with a single father and those with a single mother. At the beginning of the decade, there were 112 active earners per 100 families with a single father and 104 active earners per 100 families with a single mother. The respective values of this indicator feli to 91 and 82 percent by the spring 1996. These letter figures represent a very similar decrease (21-22 person per 100 families) in the average number of active earners in both types of single parent families during the early nineties. This process was alsó influenced by the marked modification of the age structure of single parents: their number and share in each fiveyear age group decreased below 40 years of age, while they increased above this age limit. 48 percent of heads of single parent families are manual, mostly not agricultural workers, one third are non-manual workers with no third-level education completed, while 18 percent are non-manual workers with third-level education completed. It is in the capital where the proportion of manual workers among family heads is the lowest (35 percent), and in rural areas where it is the highest (62 percent). In rural areas 6 percent of family heads are agricultural workers, while the respective rate does not even reach 1.5 in úrban areas. The majority of heads 18