1990 POPULATION CENSUS Detailed data based on a 2 per cent representative sample (1992)

I. REVIEW OF THE DATA - A/ Main characteristics of the population

2. Main data of vitai statistics Year Natural growth or decrease(-) Live-births Deaths per 1000 persons 1960-1969 / 1970-1979 3.5 14.2 10.6 1960-1969 / 1970-1979 3.9 16.3 12.4 1980 0.3 13.9 13.6 1981 - 0.2 13.3 13.5 1982 - 1.0 12.5 13.5 1983 - 2.0 11.9 13.9 1984 - 2.0 11.8 13.8 1985 - 1.7 12.2 13.9 1986 - 1.7 12.1 13.8 1987 - 1.5 11.9 13.4 1988 - 1.5 11.7 13.2 1989 , 1980-1989 - 1.9 11.7 13.7 1989 , 1980-1989 - 1.3 12.2 13.6 a/ By yearly average. In 1974-1975 the live birth rate grew considerably, partly under the impact of the 1973 population policy measures. From 1976 up to the middle of the 1980s, however, it decreased continuously, and remained thereafter actually on that low level. The great fali in the number of females entering childbearing and marriageable ages, respectively, played a very important role in this process. In the 1980s the average number of live births per 1000 population was under the level of the 1970s. During the last three decades the number of deaths per 1000 population has been growing continuously. During the last twenty years — except small fluctuations by years — only nearly 60 per cent of the deceased were 70 year old or older. Among those aged 25-59 years, the deaths per 1000 persons of the respective age showed a growing trend in all of the five-year age-groups. From all this it follows that the increase in the indicators of deaths was not caused primarily by changes in the mortality rates of the elderly but by the high mortality rate of the middle-aged, mainly of men. In this period the mortality rates of middle-aged males over 30 showed an increasing trend in all cases. In the second half of the 1980s, the growth in the mortality indicators stopped provisionally. The cause of this apparent stagnation was that, in the years of World War I, fewer people were born than in the previous and following periods. Those born at that time reached the age of 70 years, over which the mortality rates are already very high, in the second half of the 1980s, thus the low number — compared to other periods — of those of this generation had a decreasing impact on the mortality indicator of the totál population. In the decade of the 1970s the average age of the deceased was 66 years which increased by 2 years in the 19S0s. During the last decade average life expectancy at birth did not change for females (73 years), while among males it shortened by 1 year (66 years). The number of immigrants coming from neighbouring countries exerted a positive effect on net migration in Hungary, but this did not compensate for the loss resulting from the number of Hungárián citizens having emigrated to foreign countries. During the last decade, in Hungary, 70 new úrban areas were called forth, as a consequence of which more than 700 thousand persons were made administratively from rural Into úrban population. At present, three fifths of the population of Hungary live in úrban areas. At the same time, the population growth of úrban areas became much slower, and the rural population decreased to a greater extent than before. 6