1990 POPULATION CENSUS Detailed data based on a 2 per cent representative sample (1992)

I. REVIEW OF THE DATA - A/ Main characteristics of the population

The training of technical, commercial, business economic and educational character, elevated from the secondary-school level in the 1960s, changed fundamentally the ratios of levels established within the higher education over the decades. Consequently, the earlier low number of those having a non-university third-level education grew gradually during the last decades. At present, university graduates, having lost their traditional majority, represent 45 per cent among those with third-level education. This increase was contributed to alsó by the fact that in the 1980s more than half of the totál number of students learned at colleges where, in generál, the number of years of learning was less than at the universities. The shift in the level was alsó promoted by the mortality of university graduates which — due to their higher average age — is much higher than that of those having a non-university third-level education. Within the group of those with third-level education of nearly 700 thousand persons, more than one third have a diploma in the fields of education, science, public education, one quarter of technical sciences, about 8 per cent of agricultural sciences, economics and public health, respectively, and 5 per cent of law. In the past decade the share of the latter among the graduates — due to the higher number of deaths in the large old generation of those in the legal professions — decreased almost to the same extent to which the proportions of those with a diploma in economics grew. The proportion of those with a diploma in computer-related fields increased from 0.3 per cent to 1 per cent. The proportions of those with other kinds of diplomás did not change substantially. In the distribution of the graduates by the character of qualification, specific differences by sexes can be observed. While the proportion of male graduates in law decreased, that of the female graduates having a diploma of this kind continued to grow moderately. At the same time, the participation of men in the technical professions continues to increase. Of 100 male graduates 37 have a technical qualification which is by 3 more than at the beginning of the decade. Among the females the value of this indicator feli from 12 to 10. 15. Persons having completed third-level education by field of attainment and sex, in percentage Field Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Field 1980 1990 Engineering and architectural 22.7 30.7 10.7 22.5 33.4 9.2 Agricultural and forestry 9.1 12.6 3.9 7.6 10.9 3.5 Transport, postai, telecommunications 1.2 1.6 0.5 1.3 2.0 0.5 Commercial 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.6 Business 6.6 5.8 7.8 7.5 6.8 8.3 Computer science 0.3 0.2 0.5 1.0 0.9 1.1 Financial, accounting 1.2 0.9 1.8 2.0 1.3 2.8 Water works and supply, services 1.1 1.4 0.6 1.1 1.6 0.5 Health 8.6 7.5 10.2 8.0 5.6 10.8 Educational, scientific, cultural 36.4 22.8 56.8 36.0 19.9 55.4 Artistic 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.8 Law, administration 6.5 8.6 3.3 5.4 6.6 3.8 Other 3.4 5.2 0.6 4.5 7.8 0.6 Totál 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Over past decades the gap between the educational attainments of the úrban and, respectively, rural populations has narrowed gradually. At present 69 per cent of the 15 year old and older rural population completed the Bth grade of the generál school, this proportion is 88 per cent in the capital, by 4 per cent lower than in the provinciai úrban areas. Among the 18 year old and older population, the share of those having completed at least a secondary school is 48 per cent in the capital, 35 per cent in other úrban areas and only 16 per cent in rural areas. • 13