A népesség és a lakások száma és összetétele, 1995 (1995)

BEVEZETŐ

INTRODUCTION The changes in the population and the housing stock are reported by decennial censuses since 1870. The results of the last census held in 1990 are the first ones to represent the political and economic changes involving a series of newly oriented and intensified processes. Reviewing the period elapsed since then, one can state that the transformation of the Hungarian society has overcome in many respects both the depth and the size of those registered during previous decencies. In the 1970s and, partly in the 80s, the real tendencies of intercensal periods could be more or less accurately predicted extrapolating former trends. On the contrary, in the period after 1990, the extent of changes in former tendencies made unreasonable such calculations. Without aiming at completeness, we can take as example the large impacts of privatisation, the radical transformation of property conditions and the restructuration of economic organisations resulting in overall changes in the socio-occupational composition of the population, too. According to economic activity, a decisive factor is unemployment, first observed, after 40 years, in 1990 , and considerably pronounced since then. Furthermore, an even growing concern has occurred because of the impossibility of finding employment for an increasing number of persons seeking a job, even after a lasting period of unemployment. Besides, the disappearance of certain strata from the labour market can be observed. The cutting down or the liquidation of a series of enterprises resulted in the emergence of crisis areas. All these processes have been reflected by changes both in personal and householdfamily data. As a result of the decrease of new constructions, the progress of the housing stock was rather low since 1990, its structure according to property conditions and their supply with infrastructural services, however, has considerably changed. Taking into consideration this great amount of changes, as well as the recommendations of the statistical departments of international organisations and the agreement of Hungarian scientific and social life representatives, the Hungarian Central Statistical Office has initiated to carry out a mid-decade microcensus. In order to its preparation, a test census was carried out in September-November 1994 (with the critical date of September 1), on a country-wide representative sample containing 25,000 dwellings. According to its character and the sample size, this test census couldn't substitute for the planned microcensus, but has allowed to take stock of the main flows of specific changes in the last five years. Present publication is based on the grossing-up of the data of the test census, modified according to the administrative division, the dwelling and population numbers as of January 1, 1995. Because of the procedure of sampling, the detailed data do not contain persons living in institutional households and the data of vacant dwellings. Tabulations containing the total population or the total dwellings were compiled according to continuous statistics based on calculations starting from the 1990 census data and the relevant vital event reports coming regularly to the HCSO. The analytical text and the tabulations are supplemented with a methodologic description and the explanation of the most important concepts used. 4