1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

V. THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMPLOYMENT, CHANGE IN THE COMPOSITION OF ACTIVE EARNERS

work is their inadequate age composition: the majority (56 percent) of them are 40-54 years old, two fifths of this aged are 50-54 years old. This means that those women who really wanted or were able to engage themselves to work already did it. So today there is no considerable labour reserve among women, since in 1980 71 percent of the working age women were active earner. If we add to this the number of women on child-care-allowance who are inactive only temporarily we get 80 percent proportion, which is not much less than the respective pioportion of men. The distribution of the working age population by economic activity and sex (percentage) Economic activity 15-59 year old men 15 -54 year old women Economic activity 1960 1970 1980 1960 1970 1980 Active earner 92.1 87. 3 87.4 49. 9 63. 7 70.7 Inactive earner 1.2 2.9 5.3 0.7 6.1 12. 5 within this: pensioner and other inactive 1.2 2. 9 5.3 0.7 1.3 3. 0 child-care-allowance 4. 8 9. 5 Dependant 6.7 9.8 7.3 49.4 30. 2 16. 8 within this: student 5.7 8. 6 6.2 3.6 6. 9 6. 0 other dependant 1.0 1.2 1.1 45. 8 23. 3 10. 8 Total 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ACTIVE EARNERS' AGE COMPOSITION AND HIGHEST EDUCATION The general growing old process of the population is also represented in the change of the age composition of the active earners. The growth in the number of young active earners (14-29 year old) was considerable (15 percent) between 1960 and 1970, in the past decade this tendency was replaced by a 1 percent decrease. This is partly connected to the low birth rate of the sixties and to the large women generations born in the fifties who reached fertility age in the seventies and took the advantage of child-care-allowance. But the number of 30-39 year old active earners grew more firmly (15 percent) since 1970, than in the previous decade (5 percent), at the same time the growth in the number of older active earners was more moderate (9 percent) than in the previous decade (13 percent). The proportion of those active earners who remain active over the working age was falling faster in the seventies, mainly because of the pensioning of agricultural cooperative members. Due to the above changes there was a slight decrease in the proportion of the young, a stronger decrease in the proportion of those working over the working age among the active earners in the course of the past decade. But the proportion of the middle aged rose among the active earners. The composition of the active earners by main age groups Age group (year) 1960 1970 1980 Index Age group (year) 1960 1970 1980 1970 1960=100 1980 1970=100 Number in 1 000 14-29 1 453 1 671 1 654 115. 0 99. 0 30-39 1 108 1 160 1 337 104. 6 115. 3 40-59 men -54 women 1 566 1 763 1 918 112. 6 108.8 60-X men 55-X women 633 395 160 62.4 40. 6 Total 4 760 4 989 5 069 104. 8 101. 6 Percentage distribution 14-29 30. 5 33. 5 32. 6 30-39 23. 3 23. 2 26. 4 40-59 men -54 women 32. 9 35.4 37. 8 60-X men 55-X women 13. 3 7. 9 3.2 Total 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 93