1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

IV. THE CHANGE IN THE POPULATION'S DEMOGRAPHIC AND EDUCATIONAL CHARAC-TERISTICS

The development of the proportion of sexes Year Number of women per 1 000 men Increase or decrease in percentage to the previous census Men Women 1900 1910 1920 1930 1941 1949 1960 1970 1980 1 005 1 007 1 062 1 044 1 043 1 081 1 073 1 063 1 064 15. 3 11.0 2. 2 9.7 7.4 3. 0 8. 6 4.2 3. 7 12. 9 11.2 7. 7 7.9 7. 2 0. 6 7. 9 3. 1 3. 8 COMPOSITION BY AGE Since the turn of the century the age composition of the population is characterized by the decreasing rate of children and the decreasing rate of younger (15-39) working age people, in parallel to this the rate of the upper (40-59) working age group and Ihe rate of the older (60-X) group has been increasing. The age distribution of the population did not change much in the past decade: there was a slight increase in the proportion of children, the proportion of young adults decreased a bit, the proportion of older adults slightly increased, the proportion of the elderlies did not change. The increase of the number of children was most considerable, 165 000, this was followed by the increase of older adults, 141 000. Besides these the increase of the number of the elderlies, 70 000, and the increase in the number of younger adults, 10 000, cannot be considered significant. The favourable nature of the change in the age composition is proved by the change of the number of children and elderlies per 100 adults: the former rose from 34 to 36, the later did not change. The number of children - despite the considerable increase - is still under the 1960 number. But within these main age groups the change by five years age groups shows opposite trend reflecting the development of births in the course of the past one and a half decades: the number of children under 10 - and mainly those under 5 - increased considerably, and this was accompanied by the decrease of the number of children between 10 and 14, these all have strong effect on the schooling conditions of the different age groups. The proportion of adults (61 percent) fell back to the 1960. level, the decrease in the proportion of the young was twice of the increase in the rate of the elderlies. In the age groups of the younger adults - except the 15-19 group - there was more or less increase, which was most considerable in the 25-29 age group (20 percent). Between the two 10 years age groups of the 40-59 years old significant differences can be observed in regard to the direction and extent of the change: the number of the 40-49 group is only one tenth less in 1980 than in 197 0, the number of those in their fifties is 2 5 percent more in 1980 than 10 years earlier. The increase in the number of the elderlies (60-X) was smaller than ever, the reason for this is the low number of births during the First World Wkr, the 60-64 age group in 1980 is the generation that was born in the first world war. They are 200 000 less in 1980 than in 1970. The number of those over 64 grew at a pace similar to the earlier period, in 1980 there are 20 percent more in this age group than in 1970, if take from this age group those over 75, we see that their number is one third more than in 1970. There are 486 000 people in the 7 5-X age group the majority of which need support, this must be taken into consideration by the families and by the society in the coming years. 75