1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

IV. THE CHANGE IN THE POPULATION'S DEMOGRAPHIC AND EDUCATIONAL CHARAC-TERISTICS

ber of live births was rising till the middle of the decade and then started to fall, the mortality rate was increasing in general all through the seventies. There was a high rise in the rate of live births at the middle of the decade, the reason of this were: the effect of the 1973 population policy measures and the great number of women who were born in the fifties and got into the fertility age by this time. This was followed by the decreasing of births because of the decreasing number of women getting into the propagative age. Although the favourable development of the live birth rate proved to be temporary, - by the end of the decade it fell.back to the value at the start of the decade - but in the period between 1970 and 1979 it was 16 per thousand as average, contrary to the 14 per thousand in the previous decade. In the seventies the number of deaths per 1 000 inhabitants was 12.4; contrary to the 10. 6 per thousand in the previous decade. In the past decade the growing numbér of deaths was caused by the population's growing older. It we assume that the population's distribution by age is stagnant since 1960, we find that the death rate of the two periods are practically the same. The average age of those who died was 66 years between 1970 and 1979, 2 years higher than in the previous decade. The average age of the died women increased more than that of the men. The life expectancy at the time of birth in the seventies was 67 years in the case of men, in the case of women it rose from 72 years to 73 years. Main population processes contributing to population growth (in 1 000) Period The effective growth (or decrease) Natural growth Live births Deaths Balance of migration 1881-1890 680 647 2 509 1 862 33 1891-1900 794 732 2 597 1 865 62 1901-1910 758 837 2 627 1 790 - 79 1911-1920 357 362 2 116 1 754 13 1921-1930 698 772 2 309 1 537 - 74 1931-1941 631 560 1 902 1 342 71 1941-1948 - Ill 333 1 456 1 123 - 444 1949-1959 756 916 2 073 1 157 - 160 1960-1969 361 3 52 1 410 1 058 9 1970-1979 387 400 1 684 1 284 - 13 THE SEX RATIO The proportion of sexes was most balanced at the 1900 and at the 1910 census, the excess of women was negligible at this two points of time: in 1900 there were 1 005 men per 1 000 men, in 1910 there were 1 007 women per 1 000 men. Since 1949 the excess of women - because of the higher rate of growth of the number of men has been decreasing, but the excess is higher than at any time before 1949. The population's composition by sexes and so the proportion of sexes hardly changed during the seventies: the number of women per 1 000 men rose by 1, to 1 064. This meant the end in the decrease of women excess, which was in force since the end of the Second World War. The phenomenen can be explained by the higher mortality of men than women, due to this higher mortality of men, in the period between 1970 and 1979, contrary to the previous decade, women out-numbered men in the population growth. In the past decade the excess of women decreased in the age groups younger than 60, and increased among the elderly. The tendency is favourable on the one hand but unfavourable on the other hand: the balancing in marriage age might have positive effect on the number of marriages, but in the old age it may aggravate the problems of lonely-women without support. 74