1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

X. THE HOUSING SITUATION, THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POPULATION'S HOUSING CONDITIONS

While the number of dwellings increased by 28 percent since 1960, the number of dwelling houses increased by only 15 percent. This means that the number of big dwelling houses with more flats increased more considerably. 65 percent of the more-than-one-storied and 74 percent of the three-or-more-storied dwelling houses were built after 1945. 53 percent of the five-and-mo re-storied were built in the past lOyears. The majority of the five-and-more-storied dwelling houses built since 1970 were built in the towns; 40 percent in Budapest and 60 percent in other towns. 52 percent of the dwelling houses have traditional solid (brick or stone) walls, 2 percent have panel or concrete walls built by modern technology, and still 46 percent have mud walls. But more than two thirds of the latter were built on solid ground (brick, stone, concrete). INSTITUTIONAL HOUSEHOLDS The number of institutional households increased fourfold since 1920, and the increase was oneand-a-half-fold since 1949. Uptill 1949 the average number of institutional household members were 100 thousand. This increased rapidly, thus since the 1960 census the number of institutional household members has been around 400 thousand, which means that 4 percent of the population were institutional household members at the times of the past three censuses. Concomitantly with the socialist transformation considerable changes took place in the capacity and function of the institutions. The number and capacity of children and student homes increased, and so increased the number of those living in these homes. There was a manifold increase in the number of workers* homes/hotels and so in the number of those living in these institutions. Although there was a decrease in the number of social welfare homes and public health institutions but their capacity increased considerably though not to the necessary extent. There were some rest homes before 1941, but their number became considerable only after 1949 as a result of the growing welfare care, in 1980 their proportion constituted 40 percent of all institutional households, while before 1949 their proportion together with hotels was below 2 5 percent. In 1980 the institutional households in the whole country could provide accommodation to almost 630 thousand people, the increase was 100 thousand since 1970. There was a decrease in the number of smaller inefficient institutions. Larger, better equipped institutions are built which serve better the aims they were established for. The number of institutional households by the type of the institution The type of the institutional 1920 1930 1941 1949 1970 1980 household 1920 1930 1980 The number of institutions Baby-, children- and student homes 212 297 423 915 1 197 1 170 Workers' homes and employees' homes/hotels 401 458 852 889 2 363 1 587 Social welfare homes 325 57 5 486 502 291 332 Hospitals and other in patient institutions 311 296 539 357 419 418 Rest homes of enterprises and trade unions 399 422 799 1 462 1 640 2 580 Hotels and other catering institutions 399 Total 1 648 2 048 3 099 4 125 6 226 6 520 Percentage Baby-, children- and student homes 12. 9 14. 5 13. 6 22. 2 19.2 18. 0 Workers' homes and employees' homes/hotels 24. 3 22. 4 27. 5 21. 5 38. 0 24. 3 Social welfare homes 19.7 28. 1 15. 7 12. 2 4.7 5. 1 Hospitals and other in patient institutions 18. 9 14. 4 17. 4 8. 7 6. 7 6. 4 Rest homes of enterprises and trade unions 24. 2 20. 6 25. 8 35. 4 26. 3 39. 6 Hotels and other catering institutions 24. 2 20. 25. 35. 5. 1 6. 6 Total 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 147