1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

X. THE HOUSING SITUATION, THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POPULATION'S HOUSING CONDITIONS

As a result of the better facilities of dwellings built in the past decade and the reconstruction of part of the old dwellings by 1980 the number of dwellings with full comfort grew two-and-a-half-fold (by 1 million 4 thousand) from 25 percent to 51 percent. The growth exceeded that of the past decade. The number of dwellings with half comfort is by two fifths higher than 10 years earlier. Simultaneously the number of dwellings with no comfort decreased by one third (by 712 thousand), but their number and proportion is still high, 1 million 288 thousand (38 percent). The occupied dwellings by comfort (percentage) Year Total Full comfort Half comfort No comfort 1960 1970 1980 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 13. 3 24. 6 51. 3 6. 9 9. 5 11.0 79. 8 65. 9 37. 7 In 1980 almost every occupant lived in dwellings which had electricity, more than two thirds lived in dwellings which had piped water, four fifth lived in dwellings with gas and more than half of the occupants lived in dwellings with flush toilet. As a result of the improvement in the facilities of the dwellings in the past decade, today "cwice as many people live in dwellings with piped water and one-and-a-half as many live in dwellings with gas supply than 10 years ago. In the seventies the number of occupants who lived in dwelling with flush toilet doubled. The occupants by the facilities of the flat Year The occupants of dwellings supplied with Year Electricity Piped water Gas pipe Gas cylinder Flush toilet Year in percentage of the occupants 1960 74. 3 22. 3 10. 5 3.4 16.4 1970 92.3 35. 9 15. 8 37. 8 27. 7 1980 98.4 67. 3 24.8 56. 0 55. 9 At the beginning of 1980 19 percent of the dwellings (652 thousand) had central heating. In the rest of the dwellings there were individual heating installation, the number of occupied dwellings where there were not any heating was only 4 thousand. Among the traditional fuels the most wide spread is the coal, 34 percent of the dwellings are heated by coal even today. Besides coal the oil heating is also fairly frequent, 22 percent of the occupied dwellings are heated by oil. The proportion of dwellings heated by wood is 13 percent slightly higher than the proportion of occupied dwellings heated by gas (11 percent), both ways of heating are less widespread than central heating. THE DWELLINGS BY THE YEAR OF CONSTRUCTION The age of the stock of dwellings affects the facilities, comfort, size of the dwellings and the housing conditions of the occupants in general. 14 percent of all dwellings had been built before the turn of the century, 30 percent between 1900 and 1944 and 56 percent was built since 1945. The proportion of dwellings built since 197 0 is exclusively high, 25 percent. 42 percent of dwellings built before 1944 have one room, this proportion is 28 percent for dwellings built between 1945 and 1959, 16 percent for dwellings built between 1960 and 1969 and in the case of dwellings built in the seventies it is only 8 percent. Among all occupied dwellings 12 percent of the two-room dwellings were built between 1970 and 1980, 11 percent of the three-or-more-room dwellings and only 2 percent of the one-room dwellings were built in this period. 143