Műtárgyvédelem, 2004 (Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum)
Összefoglalók
The fragments were glued together with a solution of PVB in a heated condition. Model plaster and clay were used for the completion of the missing details. Later, the plaster completions were retouched with tempera containing Plextol, while earth pigments mixed into a clay pulp were applied on the clayey surfaces. The find is exhibited in the Bronze Age interior of the new permanent exhibition of the Matrica Museum. Archaeobotanic analyses The analysis of the plant remains recovered from the environs of the oven showed that cereals often occurred from among the plant species contemporary to the find, even though only a few items represent them. Does it bear any relevance to the determination if the grated oven was used for cooking or baking? X-ray diffraction and thermoanalysis The purpose of the analyses was to determine the largest heat effect the oven had to endure. Both analytical methods proved that a heat of about 700 °C effected the samples taken from the grate of the oven. This heat range can refer to a pottery kiln just as well as a baking oven or cooking hearth. Perhaps we can exclude the possibility of a baker’s oven because of the construction of the feature. The preparation of the reconstruction of the oven The purpose of the reconstruction was, among others, to find out how the oven reacts to heating, that is what it can be used for. The oven was built from coils of daub mass (clayey soil, cattle manure, smashed straw and water) measuring 5-8 cm in diameter. The height of the oven was determined above the grate so that both ceramics could be baked and food could be cooked in it. Pottery baking experiment Copies of Bronze Age and Iron Age clay vessels were baked in the oven. The experiences proved that the reconstruction was not ideal for pottery baking. Baking is slow and cumbersome. Cooking experiment A stew was cooked from chicken meat, onions and spices in a copy of a Bronze Age pot of a capacity of about 5 I. The cold pot was placed with the raw materials on the grate, then the oven was heated and the meal was ready in an hour. The experiences of the last four years, the results of instrumental analyses, the reconstructions and the experiences have evidently proved that the inhabitants of the tell settlement used the grated oven as a cooker. STANDARDISED DOCUMENTATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOOTWEAR Judit Bakay Perjés - Márta Kiss Bendefy Restorers, while carefully dismantling and cleaning archaeological leather finds under a magnifying glass or a microscope, can observe characteristics that cannot any more be seen after the items have been sewn together. The shape and the traces of seams often reveal even about small fragments from what 149
