Kovacsics József: A történeti statisztika forrásai (Budapest, 1957)

Orosz nyelvű összefoglaló

HapflAy c nepenHCHMH, npoBOAHBiuHMCH CBeTCKHMH BJIBCTHMH, B CTaTbe H3JiaraioTca H p33JiHMHbie uepKOBHbie nepenHCH („KoHKpHnuHO AHUMapyM", ,,K3HOHHK3 BH3HTauH0", uepKOBHbie 6apm,HHbi, cxeMaTH3MW H T. A-) H ropoACKHe neperiHCH. CTaTbH 3aTparHBaeT Bonpocbi noAroTOBKH H npOBeAeHHH nepenHceñ OT HsjioroBbix neperiHceñ, Mepe3 nepenncb HacejieHHH npH HocHcj)e II, co3A3HHe „FeHepaJi-PexHyHrc­AHpeKTOpHyM" (reHepajibrian C^eTHaH ,H.HpeKU,H5i) enjiOTb AO o6pa30B3HHH ocpHUHSjibHoñ CTaTHCTHMeCKOH Opr3HH33UHH. 33KJiiOMHTeJibHaH MacTb paôoTbi o6o6m,aeT Bonpocbi oôpaooTKH H aHajiH3a HCTopH­MeCKHX CT3THCTHMeCKHX AaHHblX. .HHKAJIbHblE nEPEIlHCH. AHKajibHbie nepenHCH BO3HHKJIH B XVI B., B CBH3H c oöjiojKeHHeM rocyAapcTBeHHbiM npaMbiM HajioroM; nepBaH coxpaHHBinancîi noAOÔHSH nepenHCb OTHOCHTCH K 1427 roAy. riocjie 1526 roAa B CBH3H C TypeiiKHMH BOHH3MH BeHrep­CKHÖ COCJIOBHMH napjiaïueHT exceroAHO yTBepxAseT Mpe3BbiM3HHbiñ BoeHHbiñ H3JIOI\ ,,cy6­CHAHIO". OCHOBOH Kan rocyAspCTBeHHoro Hajiora AO 1526 roAa, T3K H BoeHHoro HaJiora XVI B. iiBJiHeTCH KpenocTHOH HaAeji (BHSMajie — BopoTa ABopoB KpenocTHbix), TO ecTb cyMMa HaJiora He öbijia onpeAejieHHoñ, onpeAejieHHbiM 6biJi jiHuib Hajior, npHxoAHmHHCH Ha OAHH HaAeji, Ha OAHH BopoTa; T3KHM o6pa30M, BejiHMHHa AOXOAOB, coöpaHHbix no Been CTpaHe nyTeM HajioroB, 3aBHcejia OT MHCJIS HaAeJiOB, BopoT. Ho STH AOXOAH 6MJIH He3aBHCHMbi H OT MHCJia ceMeft H JIHU, JKHByiuHX Ha OTAejibHbix HaAejiax, TO ecTb Hajior c caMoro HaMajia oCHOBbiBajica Ha xo3flficTBeHHOH MOIH,H HaAeJioB Kpenociribix. riocKOJibity nepenHCHbie aHKeTH, xpaHHiHHecfl B TocyAapcTBeHHOM apxHBe, noKa3MB3ioT JiHuib MHCJIO nepenwcaH­Hbix HaAejiOB, OHH He npHroAHbi A-flfl onpeAejieHHH MHCJICHHOCTH HscejieHHH, MTO noATBep­ÄAaeTCH nOMeiUHHbHMH nepenHCHMH (ÖapLUHHHblMH BeAOMOCTHMH), COCTaBJieHHbIMH OAHO­BpeMeHHO c rocyAapcTBeHHbiMH HajioroBbiMH nepennciiMR, K3K STO Ha pnAe npHMepoB noKa3biBaeT AaHHan paöoTa. CaMH nepenHCH Toxce npoBOAHJiHCb neoAHHaKOBo, no OTAeJibHbiM KOMHTaTaM H no roAaM OHH OTJIHMSIOTCSI Apyr OT Apyra norjiy6HHe33Tp3rHBaeMbixBonpocoB. TaK, ecTb nepenHCH, B KOTopbix KpenocTHbie nepeMHCJiaioTCH no HMCIIÎIM , ecTb TaKHe, H3 KOTOpbix MOJKHo v3HaTb MHCJIO peiviecjieHHHKOB, KycTapeñ, HeHMymHx, ecTb »ce TaKHe, B KOTopbix jiHuib Boo6n;e noMeMseTcn MHCJIO HMeiomHxcH B cejie HSACJIOB. űocTOBepHOCTb nepenucefi Tosce HeoAHHaKOBa: M3CTO noMemHKH, MTOÔM nojiHocTbio oôecneMHTb A-HH ceda npoH3BOAHTejibHyio cnjiy KpenocTHbix, He pa3peuiaJiH npoBeAeHHe nepenHCH, npHMeHHJiH HacHJiHe no OTHouieHHio K nepenncMHKSM, OÖ'HBJIHJIH KpenocTHbix MejiHAbio, ocBoöoJKAeH­HOH OT rocyAapcTBeHHoro Hajiora, 3aHHMaJiH AJIH ceöíi HX HaAejibi, 3eMJiH, Aa H CSMH Kpe­nocTHbie BO BpeMH nepennceñ cóerajiH, BbiAaBajiH ceda 3a ôaTpaKOB. Ha TeppHTopHio, 33HHTy to TypKaMH , nepenncHHKH Hajiora Hé CMejiH BCTynaTb, OHH Bbi3biBajiH cejibCKHx CTapOCT Ha He33HHTy KD TeppHTOpHK) H TOTA3, Ha OCHOBe He BCerAa H3A6JKHMX nOK333HHH erapocT ycT3HaBJiHB3JiH Hsjior H MHCJIO HSACJIOB B K33KAOM cejie. CorjiacHO npeAnHCannio, cÔopmHKH Hajiora AOJIHCHH ÓWJIH xoAHTb H3 cejia B cejio H nepenHCUBaTb HMeiomHecH T3M H3Aejiu. rfocKOJibKy nepenncb npoBOAHJiscb no ye3AaM, STH nepenHCH, npOH3BeAeHHbie no reorpscpHqecKOMy npH3HaKy, BecbMa oőJiernaiOT ycT3H0B.ieHne B KOMHT3Te HACHTHM­HOCTH CeJI, HMeFOulHX OAHH3KOBbie H33B3HHH. XOTH nepenHCH He OKa3biBaioT noMomn B ycTaHOBJieHHH MHCJia Aym 5 TOT cpaKT, MTO B öojibuiHHCTBe cjiyqaeB OHH yKa3HBajiH MHCJIO ocBoöoJKAeHHbix OT H3Jior3 — éaTpaKOB, peMeCJieHHHKOB, HOBOCejIOB, KOJIHMeCTBO y HHMTOÄeHHblX AOMOB, a TaKJKe BeJIHMHHy OTAeJIb­HblX HaAeJIOB (TO eCTb, CKOJIbKO HMeeTCH B Cejie UejIblX, nOJIOBHHHblX, MeTBepTHMHblX H T. n. HaAejIOB) H npHMHHbl p33JIHMHH, HMeiOUI.HXCH B UHCppOBMX A3HHMX nepenHCefl pa3JIHMHbIX jieT, — coKpameHHe MHCJIS HaAejioB B pe3yjibTaTe nojKapa, snHAeMHH MyMbi, öercTBa Kpe­nOCTHblX, — Ha OCHOBe OTHOCHTejIbHblX HHCppOBblX ASHHblX MOHíHO OÖpHCOBaTb p33MeJIb­MeHHe HSAejioB, naynepH3auHio, noTepn, npHMHHeHHbie snHAeMHHMH, H T. A- FIocKOJibKy B nepenncHX yK33biB3i0TCH H HMCHS BJiaAeJibHeB AepeBeHb, MOKHO ycTaHOBHTb XOA ccpopMH­P0B3HHH KpynHoro noMecTbH (KaK noBbimaeTCH MHCJIO ABopoB, npHHSAJiejKamnx OAHOH ceMbe, B MacuiTaösx KOMHTSTB H CTpSHbi). ECJIH îKe H3 HMeioin,HXCH B H3uieM p3cnopns<eHHH CBeAeHHfi MbI COCT3BHM TSÔJIHUbI, TO CMOJKeM n03H3K0MHTbCH C HCTOpHKOCTaTHCTHMeCKHMH H3MeHeHHHMH TOH HJIH HHOH TeppHTOpHH HJIH K0MHT3T3. GrpeMJieHHe cjioeB HajioronjiaTejibm,HKOB H36eK3Tb Hajiora, npHBOAHT K H3MeHeHHio ocHOBbi HajioroBoñ nepenHCH: B KOHue XVI B. nepenncb npOBOAHTca yme no MHCJiy AOMOB. Ho H 9TO He MOKéT HaAOJITO OÓeCneMHTb SCpCfieKTHBHOe B3HM3HHe H3JI0T0B, T3K MTO B 1609 rOAy BBOAHTCfl HOB3H CHCTeM3. lio 9TOH CHCTeMe 33 OCHOBy npHHHMaeTCH MHCJIO CpeACTB npoH3BOACTBa H TsirjioBoro CK0T3 KpenocTHbix. A B TeMeHHe XVII B. Bee öojibuie ocy­mecTBJineTCfl CTpeMJieHHe K TOMy, MTOÖH npH nepenncH, npn ycT3HOBJieHHH MHCJI3 HaAeJIOB yMHTbiBajiacb nojiHaa npoH3BOAHTejibH3H CHJia KpenocTHbix; nocKOJibKy nepenncn yna­3blBaK)T JIHIHb MHCJIO OÖ'eKTOB OÔJIOJKeHHH HaJIOTOM (H3AeJIOB) H H6 OpHeHTHpyHDT O MCTOÄ6

Next

/
Oldalképek
Tartalom