Dr. Éva Murai szerk.: Miscellanea Zoologica Hungarica 1. 1982 (Budapest, 1982)

Sey, O.: The morphology, life-cycle and geographical distribution of Paramphistomum cervi (Zeder, 1790) (Trematoda: Paramphistomata)

After studying the amphistome collection of the Geneva Museum, the writer found that samples from Angola, Ghana, Guinea and Mozambique, labelled as P. cervi proved to be another species of amphistomes of the local fauna (SEY, 1980a). Papers including drawings on the genital opening of P. cervi (DOLLFUS, 1932, Niger; EZZAT, 1945, Giza Zoo Garden, Egypt) indicate that the authors had worked with species other than P. cervi

. BALOZET & CALLOT (1938) examined bulinid snails in Tunisia and found them to be infected with cercariae of P. cervi

.GRETILLAT (1958) studied the life-cycle of P. cervi in Madagascar, the intermediate hosts were listed as Bulinus mariéi and B. liratus

. Both BALOZET & CALLOT'

s (1938) as well as GRETILLAT'

s (1958) findings indirectly indicate that their material was not P. cervi because this species, according to our observations, is resistant to Bulinus truncatus and probably to other bulinids, too. It appears that P. cervi is not to be found as an endemic species in Africa. Whereas we may not preclude the possibility of its introduction by the importation of livestock, presently there is no correct data on the occurrence of P. cervi in Africa In the Oriental region there are several papers reporting on the presence of P. cervi in India (BHALERAO, 1935; THAPAR, 1956; MUKHERJEE & CHAUHAN, 1965), Malaysia (DAWES, 1936; LANKESTER, 1957); Vietnam and Cambodia (DROZDZ & MALCZEWSKI, 1967; SEGAL et al., 1968; LE, 1978), Philippines (TUB AN GUI, 1925) and Celebes (YAMAGUTI, 1954). TUBANGUI (1933) himself made a correction as to his earlier determinations and EDUARDO & MANUEL (1975) regarded the presence of P. cervi in Philippines to be questionable. MUKHERJEE & CHAUHAN (1972) were of the opinion that P. cervi is not so common, if at all found, as other authors described it. The present writer having examined several samples from different parts of India as well as of Indian institutes, labelled as P. cervi

, found (SEY, 1979b) that they proved to be either P. epiclitum or P. gracile but none of P. cervi

. It is difficult to decide on or check the proper identifications of the other papers, nevertheless it is most likely that P. cervi is not found in the Oriental region. In the Australian region ROBERTS (1934), ROSS & GORDON (1936), EDGAR (1938), SEDDON (1947), DUR IE (1949) reported on the occurrence of P. cervi in Australia but later DURIE (1951) revealed that in fact Ceylonocotyle streptocoelium and Calicophoron calicophorum had been studied under this name. In New Zealand, however, P. cervi was discovered in the amphistome collection from cattle (SEY et al. in press) which fact can be explained by the intensive introduction of different domestic and wild ruminants to this country (WODZICKI, 1950). To sum it up, it can be said that P. cervi is a parasite indigenous to the Palaearctic region (except the Ethiopian region and the African part of the Mediterranean area). It is supported by reliable and up-to-date examinations on sections as well as by the fact that the final hosts along its distribution are both wild and domestic ruminants. The many other reports of the other regions, especially those which were not based on histological sections need further examination and justification by the terms of the present standard of amphistome diagnosis. Anthropochore dispersal by importation of exotic stock can operate as it had in the past and the wide spectra of intermediate hosts might to enlarge the range of P. cervi

. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer wishes to express his gratitude to J.R. LICHTENFELS (USNM, Beltsville, USA), R. OLERÖD (Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden) and E. KRITSCHER (Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria) for making available amphistome samples for examination. REFERENCES ABDEL-GHANI, A.F. (1961): Life cycle of Paramphistomum cervi worm in Egypt for the first time. - The Fourth Arab Sei. Cong., 89-116. ALTAIF, J.L., AL-ABBASSY, S.N., AL-SOQUR, I.M. & JA WAD, A.K. (1978): Experimental studies on the suitability of aquatic snails as intermediate hosts for Paramphistomum cervi in Iraq. - Ann.

trop. Med.Parasit.

, _72_: 151-155. ASADOV, S.M. (1960): Gel'mintofauna zhvachnyh zhivotnyh SSR i ee ekologo-geograficheskii analiz. - Baku, 1-439. ASADOV, S.M., MALIKOV, Yu.F. & GADZIEVA, S.A. (1972): Okaimlennaya katushka - promezhutochnif hozyain dvuh vidov paramfistomat v Azerbaidzhane. - Dokl.Akad.Nauk azerb.SSR, _28: 65-69.