Dr. Éva Murai szerk.: Miscellanea Zoologica Hungarica 1. 1982 (Budapest, 1982)
Sey, O.: The morphology, life-cycle and geographical distribution of Paramphistomum cervi (Zeder, 1790) (Trematoda: Paramphistomata)
The morphology, life-cycle and geographical distribution of Paramphistomum cervi (Zeder, 1790) (Trematoda: Paramphistomata) By O. SEY (Received June 13, 1981) ABSTRACT. Paramphistomum cervi (Zeder, 1790) is the first rumen fluke to be discovered, parazitising wild and domestic ruminants, a total of 13 species. Morphology of the fluke, histomorphology of its muscular organs, preparasitic and larval stages, intermediate hosts and the prépaient period as well as the numerous distributional data have been reviewed in full length. The first information published on the rumen fluke, without designating the species was made by DAUBENTON (1754) and later by FALK (1782) whose data probably referred to this species on the basis of the habitat (rumen) and the locality (Europe) of the parasite . In the same year SCHRANK (1790) and ZEDER (1790) reported on the finding of a fluke in the rumen of red deer under the names Fasciola cervi and Festucaria cervl + + . After several changes of the generic and specific names Fasciola elaphi Gmelin, 1791; Monostoma elaphi (Zeder, 1800); Monostoma conicum Zeder, 1803 RUDOLPHI (1890) transferred it to the genus Amphistoma and its name was amended Amphistoma conicum. NITSCH (1819) established the genus Amphistomum for the group of species which was included in RUDOLPHI' s genu9 A mphistoma, characterized, among others, by the existence of a mouth at the anterior and a sucker at the posterior body ends. At the end of the 18th and in the 19th century, several authors (ZEDER, 1790; LAURER, 1830; BLUMBERG, 1871; OTTO, 1896) published information on the morphology of this species. These descriptions, however, were not always exact. At times they dealt, erroneously, with certain organs and from time to time they did not refer with full certainty to P. cervi . Rumen flukes, accumulated in museums and in private collections were examined by FISCHOEDER (1901-1904) on the basis of a meticulous comparative work concerning morphological characters, when he was able to isolate several new species from the test material regarded to be homogenous, up to that time chiefly comprising A. conicum . Instead of Amphistomum he established the genus Paramphistomum and all flukes of such a type were transferred into the family Paramphistomidae also erected by him. The name "amphistoma" has, however, been used until today as a trivial one, and it seems to be equally suitable to designate certain groups or the whole taxon of this type of flukes. The guiding principles elaborated by FISCHOEDER (1903) have only been utilized to a somewhat limited extent by subsequent authors but after the publication of MAPLESTONE's (1923) + It became evident only much later that more than one species of rumen flukes exists in Europe. ++ Since the establishment of priority is difficult or impossible the present author shares FISCHOEDER' s (1903) opinion in this respect.
