Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 36/1. (2016)

Botany

Adam BEGU

(0.3 - 0.5 mg/m3 air), however in non of the ecosystems the pollutant exceeds the critical level (>

0.5 mg/m3 air). The RM forest ecosystems have large reserves regarding the annual average, the duration of growing season and the critical level of pollution with SO?— 20 mg/m3 air or even under the critical level for lichen communities - 10 mg/m3 air. However, the intensification of industrial activities requires keeping this index under continuous supervision. Chemical analysis of water showed that precipitation from the N-NW and CE are relatively unpolluted with S and N ions, those from the NW are affected by NHf and NO,, and particularly those from SW and S-SW are very polluted with NHf, NOy, N03, but also with enhanced content of SO, that influence their acidity (pH = 5,70) and pose toxic effect on vegetation.

The analysis of briophyta, erysiphales and molluscs, in terms of ecobioindication allows confirming that a number of chorological, morphological, anatomical and ecological peculiarities, that these organisms have, can be applied in ecobioindication method, enhancing the basic set of rules established through lichen indication.

Conclusions

1. The performed research lead to the establishment of ecobioindication application premises in the Republic of Moldova, expressed through: a) the presence of 40 indicator lichen species, which form certain associations sensitive to environment air pollution with S02, NO1, etc., and accumulate increased concentrations of heavy metals b) partial application of mosses (Bryopbyta) and molluscs (Molusca) as ecobioindicators, as well as for heavy metals (HM) accumulation and of fungi (Erysiphales) - for air pollution with SOr

2. Two criteria for the evaluation of the state of environmental components have been proposed: a Lichen Toxitolerance Scale (LTS) with 6 levels, taking into account the degree of air pollution by SO,, the similarity of geographical conditions, and the results of own testing through applying gases, transplanting and studies in the field; and Gradations for Air Quality Assessment (GAQA) in forest ecosystems, based on indicator abundance/coverage, toxi-tolerance and correlation between different bio-indicator species.

3. Parmelia sulcata species, preponderant in forest ecosystems, has proved to be the most responsive to chemical air pollutants, particularly to SO.,, recording evident morphological and biochemical changes (changes in colour, degradation of thallus, degradation of photosynthetic pigments).

REFERENCES

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