Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 36/1. (2016)
Botany
Adam BEGU and varieties for the RM, based on bibliographic sources, field research, laboratory testing and monitoring (by taking picture), lichen transplants responsiveness, 115 species have shown sensitiveness to pollution with S02, 35 species - to NO , 2 species - to Cl, 6 species - to F, 34 species — to environment pH, 38 species were calciphiles and 13 silicifiles. Proceeding the indicator species frequency within the forest, forest - petrofite and urban ecosystems, as genuine indicators in environmental monitoring of the forestry sector there were proposed 40 species (Fig. 2), of which 3 - with toxitoleration class/degree I, 16 - II degree, 16 - III degree, 3 - IV degree and 2 species - with toxitoleration degree V in respect to air pollution. Because many of proposed species are common for European space, they be can be applied in the European Network for the Assessment of Air Quality in forest, forest - petrofite and urban ecosystems equivalent to European Network program EMEP (50 x 50 km), promoted by the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (Geneva, 1979). The other studied groups of organisms partially satisfy these requirements: for instance Bryophyta- are valid for testing heavy metal accumulation during the last 2-3 years (8 species can be used for this purpose); Erysiphales - for testing the air pollution with SO^ Helix pomatia — for testing pollution with heavy metals. Gymnosperms are underrepresented and are unevenly distributed in the country; Angiosperms are valid as indicators but only during the summer, making them less required within ecobioindication method. CRITERII DE EVALUARE A CALITÄJ11 AERULUI ATMOSFERIC PRIN METODA LICHENOIND1CAT1EI Fig. 2: Proposed species in environmental monitoring of the forestry sector The synthetic analysis of 20 scales applied for assessing the air quality on the base of lichens indication proposed by different authors from Europe and North America, allowed us to emphasize the incompatibility of direct application of any mentioned above scale without an adequate adaptation to the RM conditions. Thus, the adaptations made by us were based on toxitoleration classes proposed by 20 authors, own research in the field, testing of transplants in the field and laboratory, as well as morphological - anatomical - biochemical changes established analytically. Proceeding from the conditions of the RM, the fact that lichen flora is represented by only about 200 species and varieties, and that there are no major pollution sources, the Lichens Toxitoleration Scale was proposed, which includes 6 - levels of air pollution with SO , 12
