Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 35/2. (2015)
Botany
Mariana LOZINSCHII, Nina CIORCHINÄ, Tatiana CALALB was to test different culture media, which are effective in the in vitro stage and are appropriate to obtain a uniform and vigorous, free of diseases planting material. Materials and methods The research took place in the Biotechnology and Embryology Laboratory of Botanical Garden (I) of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. There were studied and researched valuable varieties of thornless blackberry. Plantlets were propagated in vitro according to a standard protocol, investigated in the laboratory [4, 5]. In order to highlight the biological and technical characteristics to be compared in scientific investigations, several new blackberry cultivation species were used Thornless evergreen, Arapaho, Remontana, Thornfree, Smothstem of American origin, Pola -Polish origin, Loch Ness — Scottish origin, that come form, R. fruticosus R. lacinatus, R. canadensis, family Rosaceae, which were in vitro multiplied blackberry plantlets were propagated in vitro according to a standard protocol, investigated in the Laboratory of Biotechnology of the Botanical Garden (Institute) of the Academy of Science of Moldova. Researchers are trying to obtain new blackberry varieties and forms with outstanding features: resistance to frost and to phytopathogenic influence, fruit with different ripening terms, longer retention, new taste qualities and resistance to mechanical actions. These new varieties of blackberry would provide consumers with fresh fruit rich in various vitamins and other constituents — biologically active substances (BAS) of an excellent therapeutic and alimentary value for a longer period. Cultivars are characterized by different ripening periods of fruits Arapaho, Loch Ness (R. fruticosus) - the early ones, Thornless evergreen (R. lacinatus), Chester, Thornfree, Polar (R. fruticosus) - late ones (July-September). The Reuben cultivar has the ability to fructify from June to October. The mentioned cultivars are different if looking at their biological characteristics of the plant: repent strains — Evergreen, Loch Ness, Thornfree, Smoothstem, tipped — Chester, Reuben and erect — Arapaho, Polar, a medium degree of vigor goes to Chester and Arapaho cultivars whilst vigorous cultivars are considered Evergreen, Thornfree, Polar, All cultivars are resistant to the climatic conditions specific to Moldova. Microcloning and in vitro micropropagation techniques were used in order to obtain homegenous vegetative material at the Laboratory of Biotechnology and Embryology of the Botanical Garden (Institute) of ASM. Results and disscusions In order to initiate the in vitro culture, axillary and lateral buds were used, which were removed through the elimination of the internode and which were washed in running tap water. Apical, axillary buds, that come from annual semilignificate growings (April to September) ensure the success of the initiation phase of the investigated cultivars. Before inserting the plant material, that was harvested from the donor plant, it was essential to sterilize it. First, the plant material was well-washed under running water for two hours. Then, the sterilization was carried out in a bay, where the 0.1% diacid was used as a sterilizing agent, preceded by a prior disinfection with KMnCT. The optimal treatment with mercuric chloride 7 minutes, then the material was rinsed 3 times with 0.5% H,02 concentration, deionized autoclaved water for all types of explants. The apical and axillary buds, earlier disinfected, are modeled under a binocular magnifier while every trace of wood and rind, as well as 2—3 layers of scales are being removed. 10
