Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 34-35. (2014-2015)
Articles
122 Z. Győrfi tion makes it difficult to draw the borderline between the socket and the arrowhead’s edge. Therefore all given socket and edge dimensions are relative. There are slight formal differences among the five preserved specimens. Their size is smaller than that of socketed arrowheads, only one piece is shorter than 4.0-4.7 cm (cat. 13). Slight formal differences can also be seen, in two cases the arrowhead’s socket and its edge are more emphatically detached (cat. 16, 17). One such arrowhead has a small sphere-shaped end (cat. 17). No precise parallel has been found for this piece in the Transylvanian material, but it is probably identical with the Ruttkay A4 type.71 Zimmermann publishes no similar item in his Central European collection, unless we consider his flat edged type T6-12 arrowhead a variant. The fraction of a very similarly tipped arrowhead was found in the Wartenberg fortress.72 This type was used for hunting birds, possibly for a paralyzing shot in case they didn’t want to inflict upon the hunted animal a lesion that would cause blood loss.73 The Carpathian Basin parallels for our short arrowheads are the Ruttkay type A3 ones from the 12-13th century, while their Central European analogies belong to the Zimmermann type T6-7d group.74 According to János Kalmár short, tanged arrows like ours were used for hunting down feathered game.75 A mostly similar opinion was formulated by Zimmermann,76 while Ruttkay considered them useful for bringing down smaller furred animals as well.77 Jessop ranged similar arrowheads among type MP978 and thought they were used for training. His theory is worth considering, and the arrowheads’ multifunctional character cannot be excluded. The second of the tanged arrowheads with a lozenge cross section (cat. 19) might as well have been used for an early crossbow. The first form’s (cat. 18) slight weight indicates that it was probably a simple bow’s ammunition. These arrowhead forms were in all probability used for combat and not hunting, however the first slim version may have served the other purpose as well. The heavier, stodgier piece’s (cat. 19) close 71 Ruttkay 1976, 328. 72 A fractioned piece from the 13th century, conditionally taken for an arrowhead used for bird hunting: Krauskopf 2005, 204, Taf. 32/8. 73 Ruttkay 1976, 328. 74 Zimmermann 2000, 70-71, Taf. 21. 75 Kalmár 1964, 116-117, 11. ábra b. 76 Zimmermann 2000, 71. 77 Ruttkay 1976, 328. 78 Jessop 1996, 197. parallels are known from Codlea fortress.79 Medvedev’s synthesis publishes analogies from several fortresses: while he determined the first arrowhead type’s dating very loosely (10-14th century),80 the second type is illustrated mainly by 13-14* century examples.81 Central and Western European parallels are found in Zimmermann’s D2-5 group, dated mostly to the 13-14* century, but he also lists a few 15th century specimens.82 1. Drawn lozenge-shaped arrowhead. Total length: 5.9 cm, tang’s length: 1.7 cm, largest width: 1.1 cm, weight: 2g (Fig. 4/1) 2. Arrowhead with a short deltoid-shape blade and a circular thickening between the blade and the tang. Total length: 5.6 cm, tang’s length: 2.3 cm, largest width: 1.6 cm, weight: 4g (Fig. 4/2) 3. Arrowhead with a triangular blade and a circular cross section thickening on the tang’s bladed side. Total length: 5.9 cm, tang’s length: 1.7 cm, largest width: 1.1 cm, weight: 4g (Fig. 4/3) 4. Lozenge-shaped arrowhead. Total length: 8.1 cm, tang’s length: 3.3 cm, largest width: 1.4 cm, weight: 7g (Fig. 4/4) 5. Leaf-shaped arrowhead with oval cross section. Total length: 7.5 cm, tang’s length: 3.1 cm, largest width: 1.8 cm, weight: 18g (Fig. 4/5) 6. Leaf-shaped, flat bladed arrowhead. Total length: 3.2 cm, socket’s length: 2 cm, socket’s diameter: 1 cm, largest width: 1 cm, weight: 4g (Fig. 4/6) 7. Leaf-shaped, flat bladed fragmentary arrowhead. Total length: 4 cm, socket’s length: 2.8 cm, socket’s diameter: 1.1 cm, largest width: 1,1 cm, weight: 9g (Fig. 4/7) 8. Leaf-shaped, flat bladed fragmentary arrowhead. Total length: 4.2 cm, socket’s length: 3 cm, socket’s diameter: 1 cm, largest width: 1 cm, weight: 6g (Fig. 4/8) 9. Leaf-shaped arrowhead with lozenge cross section. Total length: 4.7 cm, socket’s length: 3.8 cm, socket’s diameter: 1 cm, largest width: 1 cm, weight: 7g (Fig. 4/9) 10. Leaf-shaped arrowhead with lozenge cross section. Total length: 4.0 cm, socket’s length: 2.9 cm, socket’s diameter: 0.7 cm, largest width: 1 cm, weight: 6g (Fig. 4/10) 11. Barbed arrowhead with twisted socket, two thirds of its socket’s length twisted toward the blade. Total length: 8.2 cm, socket’s length: 5 cm, socket’s diameter: 0.9 cm, largest width: 2.7 cm (Fig. 4/11) 12. Barbed arrowhead with short socket. Total length: 5.8 cm, socket’s length: 3.5 cm, socket’s diameter: 1.3 cm, largest width: 3 cm (Fig. 4/12) 13. Arrowhead with a conical shape. Total length: 3,5 cm, socket’s length: 1.6 cm, socket’s diameter: 1.3 cm (Fig. 4/13) 14. Arrowhead with a drawn conical shape. Total length: 4,3 cm, socket’s length: 1.8 cm, socket’s diameter: 1.1 cm (Fig. 4/14) 79 Costea 1968, 81, Fig. 2/5-6. 80 Medvedev 1966, 61, 112, Tabl. 30/89. 81 Medvedev 1966, 114, Tabl. 31/18. 82 Zimmermann 2000, 76, Taf. 25.
