Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 34-35. (2014-2015)

Articles

120

Z. Győrfi

Several types of the simple tanged arrowheads can be differentiated. The drawn lozenge, deltoid, triangle or leaf shaped arrowheads are 4 to 6 cm long, their weight does not exceed 5-6 g. In several cases one can notice a cylindrical shoulder between the blade and the tang. Besides the flatter arrowheads we also have items tanged with lozenge and square cross sections, these will be discussed separately. Pieces similar to our first type, the drawn lozenge-shaped tanged arrowheads (cat. 1) were found in other Eastern Transylvanian fortresses and settlements: Sf. Gheorghe (Sepsiszentgyörgy)-Bedeháza (11-12* century),16 Anghelu? (Angyalos),17 Turia (Torja),18 and the tower in Rika forest (12-13* century).19 The best parallels to our second type, the shortedged deltoid shaped arrowheads (cat. 2) come from Reci (Réty)-Telek (14-15* century),20 Cernat (Csernáton)-Haszmann garden/Damokos mansion (14* century).21 Perfect parallels of the third arrowhead with a triangle-shaped cutting edge (cat. 3) have been published from the Cernat-Haszmann garden site,22 as well as from the Codlea (Feketehalom) fortress.23 Identical specimens within similar chronological frames have turned up in other Transylvanian fortresses.24 We have no knowledge of any Transylvanian parallel that would correspond to our lozenge shaped arrowhead (cat. 4). The more massive, with oval cross section, irregular leaf shaped arrowhead (cat. 5) has neither closer nor farther precise analogies, based on its formal characteristics we take it for a hunting arrowhead.

The parallels from Slovakia25 and Hungary26 of our drawn lozenge-shaped arrowheads have been dated to the 10* and 13* centuries, but the same chronological frames can be found in works discussing weapons and local history in other regions.27 However, items from the 14-15*

16 Székely 2000, 241, 2. ábra 1.

17 Székely 2000, 241, 2. ábra 2.

18 Székely 1986,198-199, fig. 4/4; Székely 2000, 242,2. ábra

4.

19 Bordi-Dénes 1999, 177, 8. ábra 2.

20 This appeared earlier at the Cernat-Haszmann garden site: Székely 1971, 144-145, fig. 3/2, later at the Reci find-spot: Székely 2000, 241, 2. ábra 3; Bordi 2009, 51, 8 kép.

21 Bordi 2009, 50, 6. kép; Székely 1990, 5, III. tábla 8.

22 Székely 1990, 5, III. tábla 11.

23 Costea 1968, 80-81, fig. 1/2-3, fig. 2/1.

24 e. g. Doboka: lambor 1984, 199, 208, PI. IV/6-7, or in Florenti (Szászfenes): Rusu 1993, 294, 296, Fig. ЮС.

25 These are closest to the Ruttkay B3 type: Ruttkay 1976, 327. Abb. 54, 330.

26 Kovács 1986, 226-229.

Spinei 1994, 119, 441. Fig. 7/2, 172, 458. Fig. 24/6;

centuries are also known in Moldova.28 The second type fragmentary arrowhead resembles most the Ruttkay Bib type,29 its Slovakian parallels are dated to the 10-11th, and 12-13* centuries. Some examples coming from South of the Carpathians have been published with the same dating.30 Its numerous Moldavian analogies from the 14-15* centuries can be found among type A1 arrowheads in Mandache’s typology.31 The closest 14-15* century parallels of the triangle-edged arrowheads come from Moldova.32 Specimens found on the Eastern-European lowlands have also been dated to the 14* century.33 The lozengeshaped arrowheads resemble most the Ruttkay B2b type that has mostly been dated to the 12-13* century,34 but few 14th century examples have also turned up in Moldova.35

The Bistra material carries two types of leaf-shaped socketed arrowheads, distinguished by the length of the socketed handle and by the form of the edge. The first three arrowheads (cat. 6, 7, 8) have a larger-based edge, emphatically separated from the socket that broadens toward its end. In two further cases (cat. 9, 10) the bay leaf-shaped edge is slimmer and continues in a less accentuated arc past the socket. The specialized bibliography mostly refers to these as characteristic objects of the Árpád period,36 we are presently short of their excavated Transylvanian examples of later date. In Moldova they have shown up in 14-15* century finds coming from both fortresses and settlements.37 Ruttkay labelled their analogies from Slovakia type 7 and dated them quite loosely (10-14* century),38 similarly to their Eastern- European parallels processed by Medvedev.39 A. Ionijä classified them in Wallachia as type II. 1. and dated them similarly to the previous.40 Similar Central European arrowheads have been dated to

Medvedev 1966, 50, Tabl. 18/21, 20/36, 30/48; Ionitá 2005,

95 (type 1.3), 223. fig. 51/11.

28 Mandache 2013, 54-55, Fig. 11 - type A4.

29 Ruttkay 1976, 327. Abb. 54, 329-330.

30 lomja 2005, 95 (type 1.4), 223, fig. 51/13.

31 Mandache 2013, 54-55, Fig. 11.

32 Mandache 2013, 54-55, Fig. 11 - type A2a.

33 Spinei 1994, 252, 466, Fig. 32/10; Medvedev 1966, 105, Table 26/10.

34 Ruttkay 1976, 327. Abb. 54, 330.

35 Spinei 1994, 252, 466, Fig. 32/9.

36 Kovács 1986, 229. Fig. 16, 274.

37 Mandache 2013, 57, type B2.

38 Ruttkay 1976, 327. Abb. 54, 329.

39 The dozen specimens corresponding to Medvedevs type 3 and 4 come from the 11-14* century: Medvedev 1966, 40, 97. Tabl. 18/5, 99. Tabl. 20/3-4, 102. Tabl. 23/2-3, 109. Tabl. 30/3-4.

40 Ionitá 2005, 95, 223, fig. 51/7.

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