Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 34-35. (2014-2015)
Articles
NEW PREHISTORIC DISCOVERIES FROM ALBI$/KÉZDIALBIS (COVASNA COUNTY, ROMANIA) JÓZSEF PUSKÁS Keywords: south-eastern Transylvania, Wietenberg culture, Gáva culture, en-violon typ figurine, casting mould Cuvinte cheie: sud-estul Transilvaniei, cultura Wietenberg, cultura Gáva, figurinä sub forrná de vioarä, tipar The main goal of this paper is to present a few artefacts discovered in Albfi, Covasna County, dated hack to the Middle and Late Bronze Age. The Middle Bronze Age ceramics belong to the Wietenberg culture, to its 3rd phase of evolution. The Late Bronze Age is represented by the ceramics of the Gáva culture, very likely the 2nd phase of development. To this culture belongs a fragmentary en-violon type clay figurine and a casting mould, a unique piece of this type until present. Albi§ (Kézdialbis) is a small village lying 14 km south-west from Tárgu Secuiesc (Kézdivásárhely), at the eastern foots of the Bodoc-mountains, in the valley of the Albis stream. In administrative terms it belongs to Cernat (Csernáton) commune. Until the end of the 20th century only a few, randomly discovered artefacts were known from the territory of the village.1 In 1998 parallel with the rescue excavations in the local church, an archaeological field survey was carried out, which led to the identification of new sites. The first one was discovered in the garden of Ödön Csiszár, where in 2001 archaeological excavations were made, revealing several cultural layers, starting from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages.2 The second site was discovered in the garden of Ferenc Bajka. During the excavations in 2003 ceramic fragments from the Copper age to Modern Age were unearthed.3 On both sites Middle and Late Bronze Age pottery was discovered. In 2010 during communal work the upper part of a large storage vessel was found, which belongs to the 4th century AD.4 1 Roska 1942,12, no. 14; Cri§an 1969,251, no. 3; RepCovasna 1998, 69, no. 161-165; Székely 2007a, 89, 100, 110. 2 Székely etal. 1999,161-170; Székely - Bordi 2000a, 131-144; Székely - Bordi 2000b, no. 11; Székely 2001,175-189; Székely 2002, no. 14; Bordi 2003, 31-34; Székely 2003, 469-482; Székely 2007a, 94-100; Székely 2007b, 225-230. 3 Székely 2004, no. 20; Székely 2007a, 89-93. 4 Puskás 2012, 115-116. In the vicinity of Bajka Ferenc s land lies the parcel of the Márton family.5 At the beginning of the 2000 years Tóth Árpád collected a significant amount of material, which can be enrolled to the prehistoric age and the 4th century AD.6 In this study I would like to present the prehistoric findings, which belongs to the Co|ofeni-, Wietenberg- and Gáva-cultures. Description of the findings7 Cofofeni culture 1. A fragment from the body of a vessel, tempered with sand, burnt on light-brown, polished surfaces. The outer surface is decorated with incised “fishbone” motif (Pi. 2/1). Wietenberg culture 2. A fragment from a vessel, made of fine paste, burnt on black, glazed surface, decorated with incised parallel lines, filled with simultaneous 5 The parcel is located approximately 300 m west from the local church. House nr. 146. 6 I would like to thank to Tóth Árpád for giving free run of the material for publication. The 4lh century findings will be published in a different study. 7 Abbreviations used in the text: rd: rim diameter; md: maximum diameter; bd: bottom diameter; 1: length; w: width; h: height; t: thickness. MARISIA XXXIV-XXXV, 2014-2015, p. 7-16.
