Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 33/4. (2013)

Articles

Churchyards in the Transylvanian Basin from the 11th to the first half of the 13th centuries

177

Those graves can be considered the first chronological horizon of the cemetery, whose orientation is identical to that of the church. This is supported by the H42a coin of King Coloman the Learned from the Grave 391. Certainly, the chronological horizons outlined below are relative, their main conclusion is that those graves derive from the same time period which have in the same orientation. This means that the graves which disturb, cut or overlay the above mentioned ones and usually have different orientations are

from another era. It may be explained by the fact that after two or three decades the heaps above the graves flattened and their orientation was forgotten and therefore was not followed by the new graves. Another question arises then, namely why did not they continue to follow the orientation of the church?

Based on such an analysis, the chronological horizons of the following grave groups could be distinguished in the central section of the cemetery:

р д 1*1 Í f»f*

Grave group burials? Burial horizon I Burial horizon II Burial horizon III

ÍTnSr1 Graves 332, 333, 372, 374,

[ ■ f Graves 390 376, 377, 379, 384, 387, 388, Grfv“ 33*’3^’ 371, 375’ Graves 332, 378, 383, 386,

denanus of and 4()9 3 3 399> 38 ,389 392,403,405,407, 432

Coloman the 406, 434 431’433

Learned)

Grave group II Graves 326-328, 330, 370 збTM^]3«’/31’ 366~367’ Graves 330, 368

r TTT n Graves 351, 353-354, 358, Graves 356, 364, 411—

Grave group III______________Graves 352’357_____________ 361-363,365,430 412,

Grave group IV Graves 136, 137 and 142 Graves 139, 140, 149-150 Graves 141, 143-145

n л. Graves 199, 218, 202, 203, „ ... ...

Grave group V 232 233 Graves 200-202

Grave group VI Graves 223-224 Graves 217, 279 Grave 222- WII Graves 196-197, 278, 281-Grave group VII 2g2

Grave group VIII_____________Graves 194-195, 213________ Graves 230-231, 275

n ,v r Graves 190-191, 193, 212, Graves 187, 189, 192, 219, _ ,00

Grave group IX Grave 226? 215_216> 226, 228> 283 227> 229__________________ Graves 188 and 284

Grave group X Graves 182-183 Graves 185,454-455 Grave 186

n VT Graves 19, 25, 26-28, 29-30, G.ra^f \S’ Д

Graves 18, 22, 34, 439,

Grave group XI 33> 35> 220> 440> 446_449 31-32, «2-443, 438-439, ^

Grave group XII 27T^бэ'273 179_18°’ 27°~ Grave 177. Graves 176, 268

Grave group XIII Graves 1721—174

Grave group XIV Graves 160-171,272 Graves 225, 221

1964 excavation2 Graves 1,3-11 Graves 2, 14-16 Grave 13?

1986 excavation Graves 483-490

1Q,, .. Graves 94,97-99, 101., 103- „ _r ...

1965 excavation Graves95-96,103,105-106

104

1986 excavation Graves 483-490

Graves 48, 53-57, 60, 64., 71, Graves 45, 49, 50-52, 58-____________________________ 73-75, 79-82__________ 59, 63, 65, 72, 76, 78, 86 °raves 7°» ________

Fig. 28. Grave groups and chronological horizons in the central part of the churchyard

1 This grave is dated by the grave goods including the large hair ring with S-shaped ends and the tin hairpin to the 12th century

2 In sections C1-C2/1964 we sorted those graves into this group which were disturbed by later burials. According

to the descriptions of the archeologists, during the 1964 excavations 90 skulls were collected, whose graves were destroyed by later burials. Such density of the graves can only be explained by the proximity of the church.