Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 32/2. (2012)
Articles
Archaeological Researches in the Military Vicus from Cälugäreni 87 sand. The maximum depth reached was of 2.45 m, because after the removal of gravel, we reached the phreatic level, which led to flooding the complex. It could have been a well, the edges are not visibly arranged (with clay or stones), but that has probably a river stone superstructure. Complex 03 appeared as a consistent adobe-full area, in grids 6-7/BC, at a 0.40 m depth. Further excavations led to the conclusion that this area actually belongs to the complex 04 (PI. 4), which was outlined in the in grids 6-17, at a depth of 0.40-0.50 m and it deepened to 1.20 m. It is characterized by a patch of black earth mixed with adobe and stones on the entire surface, with the exception of the A sector (to the eastern profile) where land is heavily black, pigmented with pottery fragments. The pottery is quite rich and varied. At a depth of 0.50 m, it could be more clearly delimited: a rectangular area of black soil, with a lot of adobe and pottery, between the grids 8-14/BC. All around, less black earth remains, and we can determine the existence of areas with a higher concentration of adobe. Their linear form determined their interpretation as possible walls of a dwelling, 0.40 m in width. It can be seen in squares 8, 10, 15 and 17, coming out from eastern profile trench. At a depth of 0.60 to 0.70 m ‘walls’ are kept in grid 15 and 17. At the 8/B meter a circular pit was found, with pigment, with a diameter of about 0.65 m and a 0.50 m maximum depth. Two other pits similar in form and content were unveiled in grids 10/A and 14/C. Complexes 03 and 04 are traces of a large surface dwelling, which an area of 24 mp covers in this section only. Traces of walls, according to their trajectory, extend to the northwest and northeast, entering in both of the long profiles of the section. The house was built with adobe, probably on wooden structure. Complex 03 has a horseshoe shape, and it could be the remaining part of a furnace or fireplace, where traces of burning are rather poorly preserved, or rather, the house edge from which the adobe wall kept more compact. Trench 3 (S3) (8 x 3 m) was drawn parallel to SI, with a spare wall of 0.50 m in between, but with 2 m further south, to verify a possible overlapping of the village road with the Roman road and for a better disclosure of the complex 01, from the first trench. Complex 05 was found between grids 1 to 4, at the depth of 0.25 m. It appeared like a pebble platform of relatively large size (0.2 x 0.3 m), in square 2C (to western profile). In grids 3-5, a platform of river stones was noticed, on the entire width of section (larger stones are found in the C sector), coming in extension from the first trench. Pottery, gray and rich in quantity, was concentrated in the grids 2-3/A; it is from this complex that some nails, fragments of glass vessels and a bronze fibula were retrieved (Pi. 2). In this research campaign there have been recovered many and diverse archaeological materials. Like in the majority of excavations carried out in different archaeological sites, in the roman vicus from Cälugäreni, the common pottery is outstanding, not only by its large quantity, but also by its wide range of shapes, which, implicitly, leads us to their remote functionality. The common pottery discovered at Cälugäreni presents two categories of pastes: a yellowishred paste, compact, with no visible traces of degreasing materials; a coarse paste, mixed with large grained sand and a grey paste with the same characteristics. The quality of the paste of the common pottery differs depending on the type of pots. According to their shape, the red pots are more frequently encountered then the grey ones. The shape of the grey ceramics is less diverse as compared with the red pots and the decoration is more stereotypical. From the point of view of the shape and functionality, we can distinguish the same forms of ceramic pots like in the other parts of Dacia: some types of bowls (Pi. 5), plates, mortaria, mugs, jugs, pots (PI. 6; 7/1-4), provision vessels {dolia) and amphorae. Among commonly
