Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 30/1. (2010)
Articles
The Bronze Hoard from Sámbriaf (Мищ County) 55 tration in HaAl, but without any typological characteristics for one period or another.78 From typological point of view the piece from Sambria§ with its oval cross-section, with the rim and circular hitting surface, with the body slightly trapezoid can be placed in the Type 4, variant b of Fl. Gogältan 's system.79 Similar forms can be found at Igrita, Aiud, Gusterita II and Piaiesti.80 The first is dated to Bz.D, the following two to HaAl, and the artefact from Pläie§ti to HaBl. The knife fragment (PI. 3/7) from the hoard from Sämbria§ misses a very important part for an adequate typological classification. It has a straight cutting edge, with the back of the blade slightly curved and strengthened from one end to the other. The lack of the handle limits in a significant way our search for analogies. We can assume a continuation of the tang, with a strengthening rib only on the upper side. Having the same width in the area of the rivet hole as on the blade, a sudden or gradual narrowing of the tang is not plausible. The bronze knives appear rarely in the hoards from HaA and HaB. The tanged-grip knives are seen as typical products for the Bz.D-HaA metallurgy, but the decorated ones with the back of the blade curved characterize mostly the second period.81 The pieces from the Románd hoard have their best analogies in the first half of HaBl.82 M. Rusu separates three main types: solid-hilted knives, spike-grip knives and tanged-grip knives, the most recent being typical for the HaBl period.83 T. Bader also separates three main types, in which the tanged-grip knives, with two wooden plates, without any ornamentation, are dated with the hoard from Säcuieni, between HaA2 and HaBl.84 In comparison with the number of the hoards from the 9th century BC, the knives are one of the most common artefacts, being recovered in a considerable number, beside the socketed axes, tanged sickles, spearheads and the cauldron fragments.85 The largest typological variety of the knifes can be observed in HaAl, when the tanged-grip knives (Griffzungenmesser), plate-grip knives (Griffplattenmesser), spike-grip knives (Griffdornnmesser) and the hook-grip knives (Griffangelmesser) appear in the structure of different hoards. Between HaA2 and HaB2 the typological features are reduced to the tanged-grip and the solid-hilted knives. The closest typological characteristics in the region of Moravia can be found in the plate-grip type knives, Prästavlky variant, dated at the horizon of the Velatice I (HaA2) hoards, mentioning also that no exact analogies could be identified.86 Regarding the form of the blade similar artefacts are present in the hoards from Bäleni87 dated in Bz.D, Cincu,88 Biharia, Gusterita II, Moldova Veche I, Spälnaca II from HaAl, Säcuieni and Spälnaca I from HaBl.89 A very similar knife was found in Moldavia, at Boldesti, having a very slightly curved back, a very short handle with a rivet hole. Next to other similar pieces from Moldavia it is dated between HaA2-HaBl.90 78 Wanzek 1992, 261-262. 79 Gogältan 2002, 33-38, pl. XIV and XV; Gogältan 2005, 366-370, Taf. XIV and XV 80 Gogältan 2002, pl. V/28; Gogältan 2005, Taf. V/28 (Igrita); 1/4 (Aiud); V/27 (Gusterita II); VI/33 (Pläie§ti). 81 Jósa 1965, 32. 82 Németh-Torma 1965,82-83. The knives with curved blade and the handle in the form of a spike are seen as typical forms for the HaB2 period. The authors draw the attention also on the large variety of the handle, which can be explained by the usage of organic materials, which give almost unlimited possibilities for setting in a metallic haft. 83 Rusu 1972, 174-175. 84 Bader 1978,88-89. 85 Rusu 1963, 192-194; Metzner-Nebelsick 2005, 324. 86 Rihovsky 1972, 16-18. 87 Petrescu-Dimbovita 1977, pi. 73/6. 88 Soroceanu 1996, Abb. 5/35; Petrescu-Dimbovita 1977, pi. 130/3. 89 Petrescu-Dimbovita 1977, pi. 118/4 (Biharia); 154/14 (Gusterita II); 164/9, 12 (Moldova Veche I); 200/7, 13 (§pälnaca II); 315/15 (Säcuieni); 328/6 (§pälnaca I). 90 Levitki 1994, 127-128, fig. 54/11.
