Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 30/1. (2010)

Articles

132

L. Vass

are usually simple types: bracelets with open ends, bracelets with closed ends and bracelets with serpent ends. The set of glass bracelets recovered from the fort of Räcari are unique pieces.

Rings (PI. 2/8-16) are very frequent finds in military milieu, and they were worn by men as well by women.27 Rings with seals and with inlaid gems were usually worn by men as sign of status and for legitimating documents. For this consideration we included only those types of simple rings with overlapped ends and twisted on the hoop and rings with simple circular form under the diameter of 1.7 cm. These types were found in Giläu, Cä§eiu, Ili?ua, Bräncovene^ti, Feldioara,28 etc.

Pendants (PI. 2/17-24) of bullae29-, lunulla30 or Hercules’ club (Herkuleskeule)31 type used as amulets are not so well represented either. Though these objects recovered are frequently used as accessories of military equipment,32 as a funerary monument from Apulum reveal,33 they were used by women as hairdo ornament as well.

Earrings and necklaces (PI. 3/1-2) are the most under represented jewellery types in Dacia. Except the earring of gold from Gherla with unknown archaeological context and two necklaces (one of gold and one of bronze) from Bologa and Ca$eiu34 we don’t find any other examples in military milieu.

Spindle whorls (Pi. 3/3-7) could not be built in any typology as they all look the same (Appendix). Only their size and weights differs which determines the quality of the yarn.35

Hairpins (Pi. 3/8-21) are not just the most numerous and wide spread category of artefacts but they show the largest variety in typology. We hardly find any fort that has not at least one pin. Among all types hairpins with pointed, rounded and flat heads, together with the different sized globular headed hairpins are the most popular types. We find more sophisticated, decorated hairpin types as well like those with pinecone, or with figurate head.36

pi. III/16-17; IV/18,20. The one example made of bronze from Ca?eiu has closed ends and twisted ornamentation (Isac 1999, 761, nr. 19, Taf. IV/19). The only bracelet made of gold is coming from the camp of Räcari (Bondoc- Gudea 2009, 276, nr. 1102, pi. CLVI/1102). The unique glass bracelets from Räcari are all broken, so their type of endings could not be observed (Bondoc-Gudea 2009, 279, nr. 1125-1129, pi. CLIX/1125-1129).

27 Riha 1990, 51.

28 Isac 1999, 760, nr. 9-12, 13, Taf. II/9-12, 14 (Giläu); Isac 1999, 760, nr. 13, Taf. 11/132 (Cä$eiu); Isac-Gaiu 2006, 424, nr. 7, 8, 425, nr. 9, 10, pi. 1/7-10 (Ili?ua); Protase-Zrinyi 1994, 128, nr. 3, pi. LIV/3 (Bräncovene$ti); Gudea 2009, 142, pi. LXVII/1 (Feldioara).

29 Only one example of this type is known from Giläu (Isac 1999, 762, nr. 37, Taf. VI/37).

30 This type of pendant is represented in the largest amount in military forts from Dacia: Chirilä et al. 1972, Taf. CXVII/5, 7, 9 (Buciumi); Isac 1999, 762, nr. 41, Taf. VI/41 (Cä$eiu); Isac 1999, 762, nr. 39-40, Taf. VI/39-40 (Giläu); Protase et al. 1997, pl. LXXXI/20-21 (Ili§ua); Gudea 2008, 221, nr. 3, pl. LXVII/3 (Feldioara); Bondoc- Gudea 2009, 218, nr. 580, pi. CIII/580 (Räcari).

31 Isac 1999, 762, nr. 42, Taf. VI/42 (Giläu); Macrea et al. 1993, 107, nr. 5, pl. XXVI/5 (Praetorium).

32 Isac 1999, 758.

33 Ciongradi 2007, 253, nr. M/A 2, Taf. 113/M/a 2.

34 Protase et al. 2008, 106, nr. 2, Taf. LXXXII/2 (Gherla); Gudea 1973, 137, pi. 21/3 (Bologa); Isac 1999, nr. 21, Taf. V/21 (Ca§eiu).

35 Wild 2002, 10.

36 Hairpins with pointed heads: Bondoc-Gudea 2009, 275, nr. 1094, pi. CLV/1095 (Räcari); Gudea 2008, 225, nr. 3, pl. LXIX/3 (Feldioara); Isac 1999, 763, nr. 48, Taf. VII/48 (Cä$eiu); Isac 1999, 763, nr. 50, 51, Taf. VIII/50, 51, nr. 56, Taf. IX/56 (Giläu), Isac-Gaiu 2006, 428, nr. 43-46, pi. 4/34-46 (Ili$ua); Protase et al. 2008, 258, nr. 2-3, Taf. LV/2-3 (Gherla); Gudea-Bajusz 1991, 93, nr. 47.28, 49.30, 50.31, 51.32, 52.33, 53.34, pl. VI/28, 30-34 (Porolissum); Chirilä et al. 1972, 92, nr. 6, Taf. C/5; Gudea-Bajusz 1991, 92, nr. 27.8, 28, 9, pl. IV/8, 9; 93, nr. 45.26, pl. V/26 (Buciumi). Hairpins with rounded and flat heads: Gudea-Bajusz 1991, 93, nr. 48.29, pl. VI/29 (Porolissum); Bondoc-Gudea 2009, 275, nr. 1096, pi. CLV/1096 (Räcari). Globular headed hairpins: Gudea-