Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 29/3. (2009)
Gál-Mlakár Viktor: A 13-14. századi kerámia kutatástörténete Északkelet-Magyarországon
A 13-14. SZÁZADI KERÁMIA KUTATASTORTENETE É S ZAKKE LET-M AGYARO RS ZÁGО N Gál-Mlakár Viktor Herman Ottó Múzeum* Miskolc The Historical Foundation in Research of the Ceramics in the 13th- 14th Century in North-East Hungary The fully preserved earthenware and ceramic fragments from excavations and advance goings-over are dominant elements for discovering the material culture of the Arpadian era. In this paper, after a brief search-historical sketch, I would like to summarize our information about the 13th— 14th century ceramics of North-Eastern Hungary, especially the Borsod- Abaúj-Zemplén County. In the second half of the paper I would like to present briefly the new information, unpublished till now, which has emerged from the investigation of the castle of Solymos from Zemplén County and the analysis of its similarly datable ceramics. In the chronological order Judit Kvassy firstly summarized the information about the 10th-11th century ceramics and grave ceramics in her unpublished dissertation. The burned out houses of a 10th century village, in the ground of the earthwork of Borsod, lying next to Edelény, emerged in fortunate circumstances in our county. The pottery-sets excavated in the houses help us reconstruct the cooking and storing types of pottery of this era. The excavation, research and scientific analysis led by Mária Wolf provided an exceptional occasion to investigate our 10th century pottery-industry. Another settlement dated to the early Arpadian era was published in the last two decades in fully detailed publications about: Tiszaeszlár-Bashalom (Júlia Kovalovszki), Esztergom-Szentgyörgymező (Sarolta Lázár), Örménykút (Hajnalka Herold). The preparatory excavations of the М3 motorway made it possible for the archaeologists to investigate more 10th-13th century settlements (Hejőkürt-Cifrahát, Mezőkeresztes-Lucernás, Mezőkeresztes-Cethalom). Completing these records with the ones of two former settlement excavations (Felsőzsolca- Vardomb, Karos-Tobolyka), the pottery-findings of the south part of Borsod-Abaúj- Zemplén will be discussed by Erika Simonyi in a dissertation. She analyzed the fabrication technologies of the pottery findings of this era in her former studies applying the electron microscopic researches. The 11th-13th centuries best-preferred pot, called „bogrács”, a special ceramic cauldron early emerged into scientific notice. After the 1930’s, in 1955 Béla Szőke summarized our foregoing information. About these special cauldrons’ function, and their perpetuation in Hungarians’ lifestyle István Fodor wrote in 1975. Miklós Takács in 1986 published an excellent monograph about the research history, typology and M A R I S I A XXIX, p. 165-184
