Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 28. (2006)

Istorie

PROBLEMA OBLIGATIVITÄTII EXERCITÄRII DREPTULUI DEVOT ÍN LEGISLATIA ELECTORALÄ DIN ROMANIA INTERBELICÄ

SORIN RADU

The Problem of Obligativity to Exert Vote Right in Electoral Legislation of Inter-War Romania (Summary)

A less known and debated problem in Romanian historiography is that of obligativity to exert vote right which existed in the electoral legislation of inter-war Romania.

The obligativity of vote was introduced the same time with the revising of Constitution in 1917. It was maintained in all electoral laws which were elaborated in Romania during the years after World War I, including the electoral law in 1939 under Carol’s rule. There is one exception, and that is the electoral law that was elaborated in Transylvania 1919.

In this article the author tries to analyse and explain why Transylvanians did not accept the principle of vote obligativity on one side, and why it was accepted into the Old Kingdom on the other side.

The same time, the article shows the way the governments applied fines to the electors who did not go to the vote. The conclusion of this study is that, with a few exception, the governments did not apply those fines because of the fear they might loose their popularity among the voters. Usually, after every election, they published in “Official Gazette’’ a decree of amnesty the electoral offences, among which was included the refusal to vote.

ín iulie 1917, in plin rázboi, Parlamentül Regatului Romäniei a votat revizuirea articolelor 19, 56 §i 67 din Constitute1, care au avut menirea de a transforma Tn principii constitutionale Tmpropietärirea täranilor §i sufragiul universal. Forma finalä a revizuirilor §i punerea lor de acord cu celelalte prevederi constitutionale, urma sä se definitiveze ulterior, la sfär§itul räzboiului. Articolul 19 se referea la expropiere, iar articolele 56 §i 67 stipulau principiul votului universal, egal, direct, obligatoriu §i secret, respectiv principiul conform cäruia Senatul se compunea din membrii ale§i §i membrii de drept1 2.

Anticipänd о lege generalä electoralä, procedura votärii, precum §i compunerea Corpurilor legiuitoare au fost statornicite prin trei decrete-legi: nr. 3102 din 14 noiembrie 1918 pentru Vechiul Regat §i Basarabia3; nr. 3620 din 24 august 1919 pentru Bucovina4 §i nr. 3621, de asemenea din 24 august 1919, pentru Transilvania, Banat, Cri§ana, Sätmar §i Maramure§5. Aceste reglementári electorate desfiintau sistemul colegiilor censitare ce functiona din 1866 §i

1 “Monitorul Oficial”, Partea I, nr. 98 din 20 iulie/2 august 1917.

2 Ibiderrr, vezi §i C. Hamangiu, Codul general al Romäniei, vol. Ill, p. 1088; Eleodor Foc§eneanu, Istoria constitutional a Romäniei (1859-1991), Editia I, Ed. Humanitas, Bucure§ti, 1992, p. 53.

3 “Monitorul Oficiaf, Partea I, nr. 191 din 16/19 noiembrie 1918, p. 3357-3360.

4 Ibidem, nr. 103 din 26 august 1919, p. 5724-5733.

5 Ibidem, p. 5734-5744.

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