Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 28. (2006)

Istorie

ASPECTE REFERITOARE LA EVOLUTIA INSTITUTIILOR DE INVÄTÄMÄNT ARHIDIECESANE ALE BLAJULUI §1 REALIZAREA EDUCATIEI IN SPIRIT NATIONAL ÍNTRE ANII 1880-1918

NICOLAE VICTOR FOLA

Aspects ref ering to the evolution of Blaj’s archidiecesan educational institutions and the realization of education in a national spirit between 1880-1918 (Summary)

The period of these years represented an offensive interval of the Hungarian authorities, one of the aspects of denationalization being the school policy, which was realized especially by the Trefort (1879and 1883), respectively Appony (1907) Luws, having as a target primary and secondary school education. The resistance of the Romanian churches, the financial sacrifices of the Romanian communities, the different cultural activities of the civil society, not very widely-spread but consistent, allowed the insufflation of a Christian and national spirit in education, with the aim of maintaining the religious and the cultural-national identity. This effort must be appreciated even more, if we take into consideration the fact that the acces to the secondary school education could be realized in a little proportion and only in institutions with teaching in the mother tongue and their support was very expressive. The formation of the Romanian elites intellectual class, who fulfilled the Great Union is related to these financial and spiritual efforts of the Geek-Catholic Romanians as well as of their Ortodox brothers from Transylvania, but at general level, the phenomenon is to be encountered in the case of all the non Hungarian nationalities from Austro-Ungaria.

Constituirea Austro-Ungariei , prin Tncheierea compromisului politic din anul 1867, avänd insä Tnceputurile Tn evolutia de pänä atunci a acestui

conglomerat multinational a pus capät „ epocii care suräde " (liberalismului

austriac-n.n. ) , eforturile conducätorilor politici romäni fiind axate pe mentinerea autonomiei Transilvaniei, care Tnsä va rämäne de domeniul trecutului.

ín anul 1868 se desfä§ura protestul colectiv al románilor,

„Pronunciamentul” de la Blaj , act redactat Tn principal de loan Micu Moldovan,

asistat de canonici, dar §i de profesori reprezentativi ai Blajului , ca : Basiliu Ratiu, Elie Vlassa , Grigore Mihali, Gavril Pop, Alexandru Micu, Dimitrie Faragó , rezultatul acestui demers fiind primul proces politic din anii dualismului. Judecat la Targu-Mure§, Tn climatul de idei nationaliste propagate de presa de limba maghiarä §i al apelului la „statul maghiar indivizibil” (de§i maghiarii erau depá§iti serios numeric de nationalitäti) , procesul se finaliza doar la interventia Tmpäratului - rege Francisc Iosif. Unul din semnalele de Tnceput ale acestei orientäri a fost interzicerea manualului de istorie §i a härtii Daciei,publicate Tn anul 1868 de cätre August Treboniu Laurian la Bucure§ti.Presa nationalistä maghiarä , mai ales cea din Cluj.denunta faptul cá ele sunt Tntrebuintate frecvent Tn §colile greco-catolice,Tn primul rand Tn cele din Blaj.

Legea nationalitátilor din anul 1868,Tn pofida aparentelor liberale,dupä cum s-а apreciat de istoricii epocii moderne ,acorda drepturí permisive,conditionate Tn practicä de autoritáti. Acest lucru devenit evident dupä moartea „pärintilor dualismului” , Eötvös §i Deák. Conform Légii Tnvätämäntului

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