Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 27/1. (2003)

I. Botanică

PLANTE MEDICINALE SPONTANE

11

Circumb Circumbor 12 12 E-Med-Pont 1

or__________________________________________________________________

Dac-Balc Dac-Balc-Pann 1 1___________Euri-Med_______________8_____

Eur Eur_______________1 19__________Euri-Med-Eur____________1_____

_______C&E-Eur___________1______________SubMed-subAtl__________1_____

_______C-Eur____________3____Eurosib Eurosib_______________15 19

_______C-Eur (subMed) 1______________C-Eur-S-Siber___________1_____

_______C-Eur-Balc__________1_____________SE-Eur-S-Siber__________1_____

_______C-Eur-Pont_________1______________S-Siber_______________ 1_____

_______Eur (subMed)_______1______________S-Eur-S-Siber___________1_____

_______N-Eur____________1_____Oroph Oroph-SE-Eur__________1 1

_______SE-Eur___________3____Paleotemp Paleotemp____________20 21

_______SE-Eur (Pont)_______3______________Paleotemp & Subtrop 1______

_______S-Eur-Pont________1____Pont-Pann Pann-Pont_____________1 4

_______V-Eur-subAtl________2______________Pann-Sarm_____________1_____

Eua Eua______________24 36__________Pont___________________1_____

_______Eua(cont)__________2______________Pont-Med_______________1_____

_______Eua (Med)_________1____Cosm Cosm_________________4 12

Eua(subMed- 1 Subcosm 8

_______subAtl)________________________________________________________

_______Eua (temp)_________6___________________________________________

_______Eua Occid__________1___________________________________________

_______Eur-Asiat___________1___________________________________________

Eur- Eur-Cauc 16 18 Total 159

Cauc_______________________ I______________________________L_L_

Informatiile cariologice ale plantelor au dezväluit о serie de legitäti care intereseazä deopotrivä fitogeografia cauzalä, ca §i interpretärile fitojstorice. ln aceastä lucrare numärul cromozomilor diferitelor spécii a fost luat ín considerare dupä: Flora Europaea (1964-1980), A. Fedorov (1969), A. Lőve, Doris Lőve (1974) §i Majovsky, A. Murin (1987). ín spectrul cariologic al cormoflorei (fig.3), 46,20 % sunt spécii diploide, 45,56 % poliploide iar 5,06 % sunt diplo-poliploide iar pentru un procent de 0,62 % nu am dispus de informatii cariologice.

Numärul mare de diploizi, care stau la baza speciatiei alopoliploide, demonstreazä vechimea florei respective, ce asigurä un potential genetic favorabil fitoevolutiei viitoare. Frecventa ridicatä a poliploizilor se datoreazä capacitätii lor de competitie fitosociologicä mult mai mare. Poliploizii asigurä speciilor о rezistentä sporitä la conditiile ecologice tinzänd spre extreme.

Pentru studiul genofondului plantelor medicinale am considerat important §i realizarea unui studiu privind biológia polenizärii §i a diseminärii diasporilor acestor plante (fig. nr. 4, 5).

Astfel am ajuns la concluzia cä in gorunetele cu carpen (Querco petraeae-Carpinetum Soó et Poes 1957), esentele lemnoase sunt in general anemogame, pe cánd plantele ierboase medicinale din asociatiile mezofile §i xerofile identificate in zonä: Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum Passarge 1964 §i Thymo pannonici - Stipetum stenophyllae Sanda et al 1998, sunt in general entomogame.