Magyar News, 1998. szeptember-1999. augusztus (9. évfolyam, 1-12. szám)
1999-05-01 / 9. szám
Hungarian History in a Capsule Compiled by AI Bauerand published by the Hungarian History Society in New Brunswick, NJ 1387-1437 Hungary's king is Sigismund of Luxembourg who from 1433 was also Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. 1456 János Hunyadi wins a resounding victory over the Turks at Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade). The memory of this battle is preconized by the noon bell ordained by Pope Callixtus III. 1468-1490 Matthias Corvinus. the son of János Hunyadi becomes king of Hungary. His court is one of the cultural centers of the Renaissance. 1514 The Hungarian peasants revolt, but the feudal lords quench their revolution in blood and order their leader György Dózsa to be tortured to death on a redhot iron throne. 1526 In the battle of Mohács, in Southern Hungary, the Turks defeat the Hungarian army. Approximately two-third of Hungary is under Turkish rule for 150 years. The northern and western region of the country is under Hapsburg rule, Transylvania and the Southeast become independent principality under Turkish suzerainty. 1683-1699 The united European armed forces gradually drive out the weakening Turkish power from Hungary. Buda is liberated in 1686. 1703-1711 The War of Liberation by Ferenc Rákóczi II, Prince of Transylvania is a failure. Hungary remains under Hapsburg control. 1825-1848 The so called Reform Period, promoted national renewal and independence, and paves the way to the Revolution of 1848 and the War of Independence. Its principle leaders are István Széchényi and Lajos Kossuth. 1848-1849 The War of Independence. The Hungarian people rise in revolt against the ruling Hapsburgs. To put down the revolt the House of Hapsburg appeal to the Tsar of Russia whose armies force the Hungarians to lay down their arms. 1867 After eighteen years of absolutism, a "compromise" with the Hapsburgs is reached and the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy is created. August, 1914 World War I. begins. November 16,1918 Hungary is proclaimed a Republic. November 3,1918 The Austro-Hungarian armistice signed at Padua, Italy March 21-August 1,1919 The Hungarian Republic of Soviets is proclaimed. Soon after its fall Hungary again becomes a kingdom, governed by Regent Miklós Horthy. June 4,1920 The Trianon Treaty divides Hungary's territory. Under the terms of the treaty Hungary loses 89,700 square miles, 71.4% of her territory, 63% of her population, including 3.5 million Magyars. Romania gains the Transylvania region. 1920-1944 Admiral Miklós Horthy is regent of Hungary, a kingdom without a king. 1938 The First Vienna Award. Part of Slovakia is returned to Hungary. 1940 Part of northern Transylvania is returned to Hungary from Romania. 1941 Part of Bácska (southern Hungary) is returned to Hungary from Yugoslavia. June 26,1941 The Hungarian government, as an ally of Germany, declares war on the Soviet Union. March 19,1944 German troops occupy Hungary as Hungary's loyalty as an ally is no longer trusted. January 20, 1946 Armistice agreement signed between the Allied Powers and Hungary in Moscow. April 4,1945 Hungary's total territory is occupied by Soviet forces. February 1,1946 Hungary is proclaimed a Republic. August 1,1946 The inflation of prices following the war comes to an end with the new currency, the forint. February 10,1947 Hungary signs the Peace Treaty in Paris. Hungary's territory is reduced once again to the size set by the Trianon Treaty of 1920, and in addition the Bratislava bridgehead (3 villages). March 25, 1948 Nationalization of industry and business begins. May 15,1949 Hungary establishes a one party stale. December 14, 1955 Hungary becomes a member of the United Nations. October 23,1956 A student demonstration of solidarity, with the Polish people, also make demands for reform of the government and independence from the Soviet Union. The demonstrators are fired upon by the communist secret police when they attempt to broadcast their reforms on the radio. The revolution of 1956 begins. November 4,1956 The revolution is crushed by Soviet forces. The Kádár era begins. Two hundred thousand people flee the country to the West. January 1978 The Hungarian crown is returned from the USA where it was kept since the end of WWII. Spring of 1989 The "birth" of a "New" democratic Hungary. The first free election is held in over forty years. HUNGARIAN HISTORY ON VIDEO You may borrow these videos from the American Hungarian Heritage Association for a week time. Call 203-377-0569 in Stratford for information. Page 7
