Kutatás-Fejlesztés – Tudományszervezési Tájékoztató, 1994

2. szám - Bibliográfia

SUMMARY The Oslo Manual In cooperation with the Nordic Fund for Industrial Development a new manual was prepared by the OECD. The Oslo Manual aims to assist the collection and interpretation of international innovation data. The topics of technological change, the role of innovation in economic growth have been the key-question in OECD policies for the last twenty years. It seems to be of utmost importance to have reliable data on the entire process of innovation. The manual intends to define the main types of innovation (product innovation, process innovation), the range of innovative activities (R+D, piloting, instrumentation, engineering, marketing etc.), the factors assisting or hindering the innovation process. The manual proposes to collect data on the economic goals of innovation, on the sources of innovative ideas, on factors hindering the innovation, on the rate of new products in internal and external sales, on research cooperations, on purchasing and selling of new technologies, on the costs of innovation. A detailed method is presented in order to measure innovation expenditures. V