Kutatás-Fejlesztés – Tudományszervezési Tájékoztató, 1988
6. szám - Bibliográfia
516 SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BEGINNING OF A NEW AREA IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY There are two main trends of scientific and technological progress. One of them being concomitant with the appearance of brand new materials, energy sources and technologies induces revolutionary and qualitative changes in the development of productive forces; the other can be called the evolutionary development of traditional branches of production and techniques. Owing to the beginning of a new area in science and technology computer technology, automation, robotics, information technology and biotechnologies develop rapidly and they are applied in different ways. High-technology research programs are supported by large regional organizations of cooperation,too. The Common Market finances several high-technology programs; amongst them there are Euronet DIANE, EUROTRA, ESPRIT, EARN, RACE, FAST, COMETT. The CMEA Complex Program aims at the electronization and complex automation of national economies as well as the development of nuclear energy, new materials and techniques and that of biotechnology. NEW FEATURES OF THE AUSTRIAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT The special features of the country and the current problems of structural modernization demand the acceleration of the development of R+D sphere. This recognition can be traced in the growth of science budgets and spendings on innovation as well as in the flexible improvement of the principles of research policy and their application. Currently, R+D expenditures make up 1.34 % of GDP; their share will reach 2 % by 1990. Half of them come from the government, the other half from the private sector. Science policy seeks to reveal and mobilize the financial, organizational and other reserves with a multilateral system of devices. Amongst them there are tax allowances, favourable loans and other types of incentives. The major objectives of science policy are: to increase the proportion of basic research, to establish the cooperation among universities, research institutes and industry. Austria pays special attention to the conscious broadening of international relatioiflyj especially , in respect to the EEC. Opening up promising perspectives of development major research trends make a good service to 'tomorrow's branches' in Austrian economy. A SURVEY ON THE CHINESE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM Parallel to the reform of research and technological development launched in 1985 a survey was conducted on the national network of R+D institions in China.
