Tudományszervezési Tájékoztató, 1968
2. szám - Bibliográfia
THE PERSPECTIVE OF MACHINE TRANSLATION The character of research in machine translation has undergone a change since the early years of the sixties. The change was noticeable first of all in the United States, and only slowly has it spread to other countries. It would be an exaggeration in this connection to speak about the complete bankruptcy and uselessness of machine translation, since only the character of research has changed. Y.BarHillel was the first to announce —and very definitely so — that automatic translation can not satisfy requirements. In addition to his criticism, the opinion of the Advisory Committee formed on the recommendation of the US National Academy of Sciences has greatly influenced the process of research in this field since it has affected the decisions of the financing organizations. Our article, besides giving an outline of Bar-Hillel's criticism, deals mainly with the report of the Committee /ALPAC Report/. It gives details of the Report and also negative opinions on it. Opinions from various countries show that they greatly differ regarding the future possibilities of machine translation, nevertheless emphasize the great importance of theoretical research /according to the ALPAC Report the main efforts must be concentrated on theoretical research/ even though they consider the already existing system of algorithm promising. JAPAN'S SCIENCE POLICY AND ITS FIVE-YEAR PLAN OF RESEARCH • The review based on several special sources summarizes some important aspects of the preparatory work on Japan's five-year plan of research and its subject targets. It deals with the supreme authority of science policy, the structural buildup of Japan's Scientific Council, also with the basic principles of its activities. The reader is acquainted with the Council's proposals to the government. A detailed outline of the budgetary demands of Japan's development programme of the five-year research plan is given, as well as the structural breakdown of the outlays. The material also contains an international comparison of the research budgets of the leading capitalist countries and Japan. Finally, it searches for an explanation of the fact why this Far Eastern island country has managed to overcome its significant scientific-technological lag within such a short time though investing less than the other leading industrial powers. CERTAIN PROBLEMS OF RESEARCH PLANNING IN THE SOVIET UNION The Soviet author deals thoroughly with an increasingly prominent issue of recent years: the calculation of economic effect of research and development activi394
