É. Apor , I. Ormos (ed.): Goldziher Memorial Conference, June 21–22, 2000, Budapest.
ORMOS, István: Goldziher's Mother Tongue: A Contribution to the Study of the Language Situation in Hungary in the Nineteenth Century
ISTVÁN ORMOS The tendency towards Magyarization began to make itself felt from the mideighteenth century, with Roman Catholic elementary and secondary schools playing an important role in this process. In the first decade of the nineteenth century the local Cistercian Gymnasium, which Goldziher was later to attend, became one of the tendency's strongholds. This complex process had economical, political and cultural causes and was greatly facilitated by the lack of an immediate German Hinterland. Traditionally no close relationship existed between the townspeople and the rural peasantry. 5' Thus there was no new supply of German-speaking settlers arriving in the city - in contradistinction to Buda, for example, where the process of Magyarization was consequently much slower. 5 5 On the other hand, there was a Kralovánszky, Székesfehérvár 1979, 146. Because of their Orthodox Christianity, Serbians and Greeks are often mixed up in our sources. In addition, these two names may also refer to other Orthodox Christians originating from the Balkans such as Bulgarians, Albanians and Romanians, including Macedo-Vlachs (also called Cincárs, Aromuns, Kucovlachs, Mavrovlachs and Karavlachs in Hungarian sources). The number of Eastern Orthodox Christians was 558 (out of a total of approximately twenty thousand inhabitants) and they also had a school around 1836. In 1857 their number amounted to 166. The first Serbians had escaped to Hungary from the advancing Turkish army. Many others arrived during the Turkish occupation. The Greeks came in the seventeenth century, mainly as merchants. Elek Fényes, Magyar országnak, 's a ' hozzá kapcsolt tartományoknak mostani állapotja statistikai és geographiai tekintetben [The Present State of Hungary and the Associated Provinces in Statistical and Geographical Respects], Pest 1836-1840, vol. I, 77; Id., Magyarország ismertetése statistikai, földirati s történelmi szempontból [The Description of Hungary in Statistical, Geographical and Historical Respects], Vol. I, Section I, Pest 1865, 106-107; Ödön Füves, Görögök Pesten (16861931) [Greeks in Pest (1686-1931)], thesis submitted to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1972, Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Collection of Manuscripts and Early Printed Books, D/5721, 11-19. 5 7 On the assimilation of Germans in Hungary in general see Windisch, Die Entstehung...; Béla Pukánszky, Német polgárság magyar földön [German Bourgeoisie on Hungarian Soil], Budapest (n.d.), passim; Karády, Egyenlőtlen e/magyarosodás..., 21-25. 5 S Claus Jürgen Hutterer, Hochsprache und Mundart bei den Deutschen in Ungarn. (Berichte über die Verhandlungen der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig. Philologisch-historische Klasse. Band 105. Heft 5), Berlin 1961, 58. On the complex circumstances and causes of this process in the period in question see ibid., 5559; Kósa, Pest és Buda e/magyarosodása..., 56-65; Handwörterbuch des Grenz- und Auslanddeutschtums. Ed. Carl Petersen, Otto Scheel. Erster Band, Breslau 1933, 587-605. For Buda, the example of the architect Alajos (Aloys) Hauszmann (1847-1926) can be adduced. He was born into a German family in Buda, in present-day Szilágyi Dezső tér (near present-day Batthyány tér), and his mother tongue was of course German. He completed the fourth year of elementary school and the subsequent first year of the Gymnasium in Tata, a town fifty miles to the west of Buda, where he had been sent by his parents in order to learn Hungarian. Cf. Hauszmann Alajos Naplója. Építész a századfordulón [Diary. An Architect at the Turn of the Century], Ed. dr. Ambrus Seidl, 216
