É. Apor (ed.): David Kaufmann Memorial Volume: Papers Presented at the David Kaufmann Memorial Conference, November 29, 1999, Budapest.
DAVID, Abraham: Historical Sources in the Kaufmann Collection: The Case of the Expulsion from the Papal States (1569)
ABRAHAM DAVID Two other anonymous letters (MS Kaufmann A 494) relate to the Duke of Urbino's expulsion order. In one instance, 2 0 the writers noted the arrrival of expellees from Urbino, originally refugees from the Papal States, in Ragusa (present-day Dubrovnik), an important port city on the Adriatic coast. These refugees were taken captive at sea on their outbound journey to the East in 1571. The letter's writers noted that they sent two emissaries to effect the captives' release, and that both the Venetian ruler, Alvise Mocenigo I - here referred to as ha-dukus me-ha-serarah - and the "ruler here," certainly the Duke of Urbino, "who sent them from his domain, for their residence in his kingdom is not worthy of the king's trouble," played an important role in their release. A brief description of this episode, with the addition of some details, is found in the works of Joseph ha-Kohen: Divrey ha-Yamim le-Malkhey Sarfat u-Malkhey Beyt Ottoman ha-Tugar and in his Emeq ha-Bakha: nya uznu i©x trumn ritt mux DIDIT anvi D'Ottn ©in Kin nnxa ©im vn nrvrm VN nnainn robb nrata nay YTTI ,© ,ann ituo -nun -IN IDTD naan ntti DYiprn nx tturi bin© ana nxuTi 'bya nrmx XDX n© acsn 1! n©uxn bxx rnruix bx Yoyn anmna nxi • ,©an oanb Dnb© ,i n©DTT bx qon nxi ••'©an inb©n ,'n qx DTD y©ia anb ny xbi ,-poa onayn US©DD na© nrayi MUÜI ©an onb iyi ,mD xb n©x anb n©yj n©x oann by nxuTi ••byn bx naib nnyn '©xn nbxn D-nman pn ,D"©sn nnmb inbi© qoni • ,©am Q^arn u DDb an naxb © ,© ,n .nnrsn onya bx nnb©: nnx ,irbya nanban Dyr may ny mm© 1 And it came to pass in the month of March, which is ihe month of spring, that the Duke of Urbino expelled the Jews who had been expelled from the Papal States by the decree of the aggressor, Pius V, the enemy. They went down to the sea boarding ships bound for Turkey but when they were near Ragusa they were taken caplive like a bereaved she-bear by the commander of the Venetian ships. He brought the old men, the women, and the children to land and set them free; at the same time, he transferred the young men to his sailing ships and worked them hard like slaves, and they had no saviour on the day of God's wrath. The heads of the Jewish community sent messengers to the Venetian leaders regarding the unlawful violence done to them, and the old man answered them: "You have gone too far! After all, the elderly, the women, and the children were released and sent on their way, only the young men will serve us until the threat of war is removed. Then we will free them and send them to their homes. 2 1 2 0 DAVID, ibid. 30-31. 2 1 Joseph HA-KOHEN, Divrei ha-Yamim le-Malkhei Sarfat u-Malkhei Beit Ottoman ha-Tugar. P. 3: MSS British Library, London, Or. 3656. 182v-183r; Or. 10387 (Gaster 1071), 473r-v; Emeq ha-Bakha. 96. 34
