György Rózsa: Information: from claims to needs (Joint edition published by the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Kultura Hungarian Foreign Trading Company. Budapest, 1988)
I. The socio-professional aspects of the development of the scientific information with special regard to social sciences
51 — an information model of the developmental mechanism of science; — growth of the information flow; — statistical analysis of the content of information flow; — citation indexes; — statistical regularity in the system of publications; — study of the internal connections of science by means of bibliographic citations; — an information system based on bibliographical citations; — scientific periodicals as communication channel; — effectiveness of the participation of the individual countries in the world-wide information flow; — rank of the individual countries in the world-wide flow of information as a funktion of time variable. The views of Nalimov and Mulchenko were influenced by Derek de Solla Price, especially by his work "Little science, big science" published in 1963. Here we have to mention that while scientometrics and bibliometrics are defined in several places as identical terms, yet there are considerable differences between them. According to a Hungarian author, bibliometrics can be defined as a method of quantitative analysis of documents used for recording, the communication of scientific knowledge 6 . As scientific publications generally serve as the media of new knowledge it is obvious that bibliometrics is an integral part of scientometrics. The subject matter of the latter was summed up by another Soviet expert, G. M. Dobrov, during his visit to Budapest in 1977 as follows: — quantitative methods in research organization; — quantitative methods in the economics of science; — quantitative methods in analysing scientific information; — applications and characteristics of science indicators. Science indicators can be considered as a new evaluation tool for science policy studies. They were established in the United States where these indicators have been published every two years since 1972. 7 Science indicators tend to tum the measurable data on research activities and achievements to unobtrusive figures, forming time-series and allowing international comparisons. For summary Truly objective methods which could be suitable for the measurement and evaluation of information systems, services and processes are not known, at least not by the author. In the field of science and technology information at least - and it is at the same time a crucial point — the paid consumption of information is a basic parameter. An application of methods based on new up-to-date statistics for evaluation might be a possible approach. Therefore it would be worth considering the possible application of achievements of bibliometrics, scientometrics and science indicators in measurement and evaluation within the qualification sphere of information systems. This perhaps does not belong to the less promising methods. It is the FID/RI that could initiate such international researches.
