É. Apor (ed.): Codex Cumanicus. Ed. by Géza Kuun with a Prolegomena to the Codex Cumanicus by Lajos Ligeti. (Budapest Oriental Reprints, Ser. B 1.)
L. Ligeti: Prolegomena to the Codex Cumanicus
PROLEGOMENA TO THE CODEX CUMANICl'S 37 au [aou] «water», also ap. — Lit. P. civ (Stg.), Kab. aw (24); Tj. öv (Rast. I, 32); Her. au; Haz. au; Kurd, áw (Jaba); Sau [sau] «night» — Lit. P. Saw (Stg.); Kab. Saw (23); Tj. Sav (Rast. I, 32); Kurd. Saw (W), Sew (Jaba); sauz [saus] «green» — Kab. sawz (23), Kurd, sawz (K, W), sowz (Jaba). Unvoicing of final plosives sometimes occurs, most frequently -d > t; bunyát [buniat] «foundation», Cl. bunyód; düt [dut] «smoke», Cl. düd; lcabüt [chabut] «blue», Cl. kabüd; kilit [kilit] «lock», Cl. kilid; xaráp [carap] «spoiled», Cl. xaráb; noxüt [noghuc for noghut] «pea», Cl. nuxüd. Analogues from dialects: cf. Kab. naxot «pea», Cl. naxwod; zut «quickly»; Cl. zud; Sat «honev», Cl.SaJid; dámát «son-in-law», Cl. dámád; etc. (26). Sporadic examples of -g > -k change can also be observed: dèk «kettle», belk [belch] «leaf», sek [sec] «dog»; besides them also seg [seg] «dog», dig [dig] «yesterday», reg [reg] «sand». Some examples of the unvoiced variant of final -6 can also be found in the Codex: àp «water» besides au; joáp [ioap] «answer», Cl. fawáb; qáp [cap] «instep», Cl. qáb; Seràp [serap] «wine», Cl. Saràb. Apart from the unvoiced final phoneme, voiced variants abound in the Codex: xob [ghob] «good» and xub [ghub]; kanab [canab] «hemp»; etc. Among the sporadic phonemic phenomena, the final -m > -mb change is of special importance. We have several data for it from early times. Lazard maintains (p. 163) that the forms xunb and xum(m ) "jarre", smtcó and sum(m) «sabot (d'un animal)», Sikanb and Sikam «ventre», karanb and karam «chou», etc. alternate in old manuscripts. The Codex contains the following: páldomb [paldomb ] «crupper», CI. pal-dum «the crupper-leather», pár-dum «a crupper» ( pár «a skin, a tanned hide»), Lit. P. dumb, dump «the tail» (Stg.); Kab. domb (29); Tj. pördum. Ming Tr. sumb (sun-pu) «hoof» (58b) belongs to this category. The word [ambrut] in the Codex does not reflect a special orthographical feature, but it is an authentic reference to the 13th century Persian pronunciation oiambrüt, which Lazard (p. 164) quotes as anbrùò «poire». This is essentially the same form as the Lit. P. ambarüd (sic) «pear» (Stg.). Besides amrüd and amrüt, Vullers (I, 121) mentions the colloquial variant anbrüt. 5 3 Similarly, mar fand [mariad] «coral», as opposed to CI. mar fan, is not an orthographical distortion. Other dialects also contain a similar unorganic -d after final nasals. E.g. Kab. camand, yásamand, fand, golxand, jend, send (29). It seems certain that an unorganic n should be reckoned with in similar positions. E.g. namand [namand] «felt», CI. namad,old namah (Lazard, p. 201: 8 3 Bodrogligeti reads amrùt (p. 110), paldom (p 1 70), and namad (p. 111). In Monchizadeh's interpretation they are: amröd (in brackets: amrö(t), armöt, anbröt; p. 30); pàrdum (paldum) (p. 49: also puts the corollary forms dunb and dumb in brackets); namad (p. 159; he omits n from the form of the Codex as well).
