Miklós Kásler - Zoltán Szentirmay (szerk.): Identifying the Árpád Dynasty Skeletons Interred in the Matthias Church. Applying data from historical, archaeological, anthropological, radiological, morphological, radiocarbon dating and genetic research (Budapest, 2021)

Glossary

Probe: DNA or RNA fragment, which is used to determine whether the unknown DNA or RNA under investigation contains the complementary nucleotide sequence in question.

Read: The DNA sequence generated and displayed during the course of next generation sequencing.

Repeating (repetitive) sequences: 30% of the cell’s DNA stock consists of non-coding, repeating sequences (tandem repeats, satellite DNA), the function of which is unknown.

Reverse transcriptase: Enzyme of retroviruses, which creates a cDNA from the RNA template via reverse transcription.

Sense: Nucleic acid sequence that codes an amino acid chain.

SNP or SNV: (Single nucleotide polymorphism or variation) Changing one base on a DNA sequence on a given point. Its pattern of incidence is used to determine the haplotype.

STR: (Short tandem repeat). Short repeating (microsatellite) sequence. It can be used for unique personal identification.

Transcription: The process of RNA synthesis on the DNA-template. Translation: Protein synthesis from the mRNA template.

Two-photon microscopy: Two-photon absorption fluorescent microscopy is a new type of fluorescent microscopy, which operates under the theory of nonlinear optics. Essentially, with this method, the exciting laser releases its energy in short impulses, thus, the excitement and the fluorescence can only occur under the duration of the impulses in the focus spot.

Upstream: The position preceding the DNA’s 5’-end.

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