Miklós Kásler - Zoltán Szentirmay (szerk.): Identifying the Árpád Dynasty Skeletons Interred in the Matthias Church. Applying data from historical, archaeological, anthropological, radiological, morphological, radiocarbon dating and genetic research (Budapest, 2021)

CHAPTER ELEVEN – SUMMARY

investigations, we have proven that Endre Toth’s theory does not hold up to scrutiny.

5. We

were the first to investigate the histological preservation of several hundred year old ancient bones with polarization and two-photon microscopic methods. This investigation helped us to determine which bones the subsequent genetic investigations should be based upon.

6. In

order to investigate the ancient bones, we devised a DNA isolation method which was suitable for A-STR and Y-STR, as well as next generation sequencing analyses.

7. We

applied a new statistical approach devised by Mr Tusnády,

which - unlike the generally used, so-called kinship analysis - was suitable for comparing the DNA samples of several skeletons at the same time.

8. With

the help of A-STR marker data and next generation sequencing, we determined the Árpád

Dynasty

Kings’ paternal consensus genotype. Using this, we were able to draw realistic conclusions regarding the family relationships of the skeletons.

9. In

1862, in the inner area of the Royal Basilica of Székesfehérvár,

Imre Henszlmann removed four skeletons thought to be Árpád

Dynasty kings or their close relatives; then, in 1874, in the northern aisle, he excavated another four skeletons found in stone-lined graves as well. Of these skeletons, we have proven that none are related to the Árpád

Dynasty;

their probable identities are discussed under Point 3 in Chapter 11.

10. We

determined the Ria haplogroup of the Árpáds,

which

points towards an Indo-Iranian origin, i.e. a Middle Eastern, West Asian region.

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